NAV

Naltrexone

Identification

Summary

Naltrexoneis a narcotic antagonist used in opioid overdose.

Brand Names
Contrave, Embeda, Vivitrol
Generic Name
Naltrexone
DrugBank Accession Number
DB00704
Background

Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of naloxone. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved, Investigational, Vet approved
Structure
 3D
Similar Structures
Weight
Average: 341.4009
Monoisotopic: 341.162708229
Chemical Formula
C20H23NO4
Synonyms
  • 17-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-4,5-epoxy-3,14-dihydroxymorphinan-6-one
  • 17-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-4,5α-epoxy-3,14-dihydroxymorphinan-6-one
  • N-Cyclopropylmethyl-14-hydroxydihydromorphinone
  • N-Cyclopropylmethylnoroxymorphone
  • Naltrexon
  • Naltrexona
  • Naltrexone
  • Naltrexonum
External IDs
  • EN-1639 A
  • PTI-901
  • UM 792

Pharmacology

Indication

Used as an adjunct to a medically supervised behaviour modification program in the maintenance of opiate cessation in individuals who were formerly physically dependent on opiates and who have successfully undergone detoxification. Also used for the management of alcohol dependence in conjunction with a behavioural modification program.

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Associated Conditions
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Pharmacodynamics

Naltrexone, a pure opioid antagonist, is a synthetic congener of oxymorphone with no opioid agonist properties. Naltrexone is indicated in the treatment of alcohol dependence and for the blockade of the effects of exogenously administered opioids. It markedly attenuates or completely blocks, reversibly, the subjective effects of intravenously administered opioids. When co-administered with morphine, on a chronic basis, naltrexone blocks the physical dependence to morphine, heroin and other opioids. In subjects physically dependent on opioids, naltrexone will precipitate withdrawal symptomatology.

Mechanism of action

Naltrexone is a pure opiate antagonist and has little or no agonist activity. The mechanism of action of naltrexone in alcoholism is not understood; however, involvement of the endogenous opioid system is suggested by preclinical data. Naltrexone is thought to act as a competitive antagonist at mc, κ, and δ receptors in the CNS, with the highest affintiy for the μ receptor. Naltrexone competitively binds to such receptors and may block the effects of endogenous opioids. This leads to the antagonization of most of the subjective and objective effects of opiates, including respiratory depression, miosis, euphoria, and drug craving. The major metabolite of naltrexone, 6-β-naltrexol, is also an opiate antagonist and may contribute to the antagonistic activity of the drug.

目标 Actions Organism
AMu-type opioid receptor
antagonist
 Humans
AKappa-type opioid receptor
antagonist
 Humans
ADelta-type opioid receptor
antagonist
 Humans
USigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 Not Available Humans
Absorption

Although well absorbed orally, naltrexone is subject to significant first pass metabolism with oral bioavailability estimates ranging from 5 to 40%.

Volume of distribution
  • 1350 L [intravenous administration]
Protein binding

21% bound to plasma proteins over the therapeutic dose range.

Metabolism

Hepatic. When administered orally, naltrexone undergoes extensive biotransformation and is metabolized to 6 beta-naltrexol (which may contribute to the therapeutic effect) and other minor metabolites.

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路线的消除

Both parent drug and metabolites are excreted primarily by the kidney (53% to 79% of the dose), however, urinary excretion of unchanged naltrexone accounts for less than 2% of an oral dose and fecal excretion is a minor elimination pathway. The renal clearance for naltrexone ranges from 30 to 127 mL/min and suggests that renal elimination is primarily by glomerular filtration.

Half-life

4 hours for naltrexone and 13 hours for the active metabolite 6 beta-naltrexol.

Clearance
  • ~ 3.5 L/min [after IV administration]
Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

In the mouse, rat and guinea pig, the oral LD50s were 1,100-1,550 mg/kg; 1,450 mg/kg; and 1,490 mg/kg; respectively. High doses of naltrexone (generally >1,000 mg/kg) produce salivation, depression/reduced activity, tremors, and convulsions.

Pathways
Pathway Category
Naltrexone Action Pathway Drug action
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRsBrowse all" title="" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Interacting Gene/Enzyme Allele name Genotype(s) Defining Change(s) Type(s) Description Details
Mu-type opioid receptor --- (A;G)/(G;G) A > G EffectDirectly Studied Patients with this genotype have an increased number of abstinent days when using naltrexone to treat alcohol addiction. Details

Interactions

Drug InteractionsLearn More" title="" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction
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1,2-Benzodiazepine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Naltrexone is combined with 1,2-Benzodiazepine.
Acamprosate The bioavailability of Acamprosate can be increased when combined with Naltrexone.
Acetazolamide The therapeutic efficacy of Acetazolamide can be decreased when used in combination with Naltrexone.
Acetophenazine The risk or severity of hypotension and CNS depression can be increased when Acetophenazine is combined with Naltrexone.
Acipimox The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Naltrexone is combined with Acipimox.
Aclidinium The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Aclidinium is combined with Naltrexone.
Adenine The metabolism of Naltrexone can be decreased when combined with Adenine.
Alendronic acid The risk or severity of myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and myoglobinuria can be increased when Alendronic acid is combined with Naltrexone.
Alfentanil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Naltrexone is combined with Alfentanil.
Alimemazine The risk or severity of hypotension and CNS depression can be increased when Alimemazine is combined with Naltrexone.
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Food Interactions
  • Take with or without food. The absorption is unaffected by food.

Products

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Product Ingredients
Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key
Naltrexone hydrochloride Z6375YW9SF 16676-29-2 RHBRMCOKKKZVRY-ITLPAZOVSA-N
Product Images
International/Other Brands
Abernil (Medochemie)/Adepend (AOP Orphan)/Antaxon (Zambon)/Antaxone (Pharmazam)/Arrop (Quimico)/Celupan/Depade/Dependex (Amomed)/Nalerona (ABL Pharma)/Nalorex (Bristol-Myers Squibb)/Naltax (Navana)/Naltrekson (Wyeth)/Narcoral (Sirton)/Neksi (GMP)/Nemexin (Bristol-Myers Squibb)/Opizone (Britannia)/Revez (Soubeiran Chobet)/Trexan (Du Pont)/Vivitrex
Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image
Addex-1000 Pellet, implantable 1000 mg/1 Subcutaneous Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Inc. 2018-05-16 Not applicable US flag
Naltrexone Hydrochloride Tablets USP Tablet 50 mg Oral Sterinova Inc 2017-05-30 Not applicable Canada flag
Revia Tablet 50 mg Oral TEVA Canada Limited 1997-10-23 Not applicable Canada flag
Revia - Tab 50mg Tablet 50 mg / tab Oral Dupont Merck Pharma Inc. 1995-12-31 1998-08-13 Canada flag
Vivitrol Injection, powder, for suspension, extended release; Kit 380 mg/4mL Intramuscular Alkermes, Inc. 2006-06-13 Not applicable US flag
Vivitrol Kit 380 mg/1 Intramuscular Cephalon 2006-06-13 2009-12-31 US flag
Vivitrol Injection, powder, for suspension, extended release; Kit 380 mg/4mL Intramuscular Alkermes, Inc. 2006-06-13 Not applicable US flag
Generic Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image
Apo-naltrexone Tablet 50 mg Oral Apotex Corporation 2015-11-10 Not applicable Canada flag
Naltrexone Hydrochloride Tablet, film coated 50 mg/1 Oral AvKARE 2015-03-26 Not applicable US flag
Naltrexone Hydrochloride Tablet, film coated 50 mg/1 Oral A-S Medication Solutions 2013-09-23 Not applicable US flag
Naltrexone Hydrochloride Tablet, film coated 50 mg/1 Oral H.J. Harkins Company 2017-10-17 Not applicable US flag
Naltrexone Hydrochloride Tablet, film coated 50 mg/1 Oral bryant ranch prepack 1998-05-08 2017-12-31 US flag
Naltrexone Hydrochloride Tablet, film coated 50 mg/1 Oral Pd Rx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 1998-05-08 2017-08-31 US flag
Naltrexone Hydrochloride Tablet, film coated 50 mg/1 Oral bryant ranch prepack 2002-03-22 Not applicable US flag
Naltrexone Hydrochloride Tablet, film coated 50 mg/1 Oral Unit Dose Services 1998-05-08 2017-08-31 US flag
Naltrexone Hydrochloride Tablet, film coated 50 mg/1 Oral REMEDYREPACK INC. 2018-04-27 Not applicable US flag
Naltrexone Hydrochloride Tablet, film coated 50 mg/1 Oral A-S Medication Solutions 2012-02-29 Not applicable US flag
Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image
Contrave Naltrexone hydrochloride(8 mg/1)+Bupropion hydrochloride(90 mg/1) Tablet, film coated, extended release Oral Takeda Pharmaceuticals America, Inc. 2014-09-10 2019-08-15 US flag
Contrave Naltrexone hydrochloride(8 mg)+Bupropion hydrochloride(90 mg) Tablet, extended release Oral Bausch Health, Canada Inc. 2018-03-16 Not applicable Canada flag
Contrave Naltrexone hydrochloride(8 mg/1)+Bupropion hydrochloride(90 mg/1) Tablet, film coated, extended release Oral A-S Medication Solutions 2014-09-10 2018-09-30 US flag
Contrave Extended-Release Naltrexone hydrochloride(8 mg/1)+Bupropion hydrochloride(90 mg/1) Tablet, extended release Oral PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2014-10-22 Not applicable US flag
Contrave Extended-Release Naltrexone hydrochloride(8 mg/1)+Bupropion hydrochloride(90 mg/1) Tablet, extended release Oral Nalpropion Pharmaceuticals LLC 2014-10-22 Not applicable US flag
Contrave Extended-Release Naltrexone hydrochloride(8 mg/1)+Bupropion hydrochloride(90 mg/1) Tablet, extended release Oral A-S Medication Solutions 2014-10-22 Not applicable US flag
Embeda Naltrexone hydrochloride(2 mg/1)+Morphine sulfate pentahydrate(50 mg/1) Capsule, extended release Oral Pfizer Laboratories Div Pfizer Inc 2009-08-13 Not applicable US flag
Embeda Naltrexone hydrochloride(3.2 mg/1)+Morphine sulfate pentahydrate(80 mg/1) Capsule, extended release Oral Pfizer Laboratories Div Pfizer Inc 2009-08-13 Not applicable US flag
Embeda Naltrexone hydrochloride(.8 mg/1)+Morphine sulfate pentahydrate(20 mg/1) Capsule, extended release Oral Stat Rx USA 2009-08-13 Not applicable US flag
Embeda Naltrexone hydrochloride(1.2 mg/1)+Morphine sulfate pentahydrate(30 mg/1) Capsule, extended release Oral Pfizer Laboratories Div Pfizer Inc 2009-08-13 Not applicable US flag
Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image
Naltrexone Naltrexone(200 mg/1)+Triamcinolone(6.5 mg/1) Implant Subcutaneous Complete Pharmacy And Medical Solutions 2018-02-01 Not applicable US flag

Categories

ATC Codes
N02AA56 — Oxycodone and naltrexone N07BB04 — Naltrexone A08AA62 — Bupropion and naltrexone
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided byClassyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenanthrenes and derivatives. These are polycyclic compounds containing a phenanthrene moiety, which is a tricyclic aromatic compound with three non-linearly fused benzene.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Benzenoids
Class
Phenanthrenes and derivatives
Sub Class
Not Available
Direct Parent
Phenanthrenes and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Isoquinolones and derivatives/Tetralins/Coumarans/1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids/Alkyl aryl ethers/Aralkylamines/Piperidines/Tertiary alcohols/Trialkylamines/1,2-aminoalcohols
show 7 more
Substituents
1,2-aminoalcohol/1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid/Alcohol/Alkyl aryl ether/Amine/Aralkylamine/Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound/Azacycle/Carbonyl group/Coumaran
show 19 more
Molecular Framework
Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
organic heteropentacyclic compound, cyclopropanes, morphinane-like compound (CHEBI:7465)
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
5S6W795CQM
CAS number
16590-41-3
InChI Key
DQCKKXVULJGBQN-XFWGSAIBSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C20H23NO4/c22-13-4-3-12-9-15-20(24)6-5-14(23)18-19(20,16(12)17(13)25-18)7-8-21(15)10-11-1-2-11/h3-4,11,15,18,22,24H,1-2,5-10H2/t15-,18+,19+,20-/m1/s1
IUPAC Name
(1S,5R,13R,17S)-4-(cyclopropylmethyl)-10,17-dihydroxy-12-oxa-4-azapentacyclo[9.6.1.0^{1,13}.0^{5,17}.0^{7,18}]octadeca-7(18),8,10-trien-14-one
SMILES
[H][C@@]12OC3=C(O)C=CC4=C3[C@@]11CCN(CC3CC3)[C@]([H])(C4)[C@]1(O)CCC2=O

References

Synthesis Reference

Bao-Shan Huang, Yansong Lu, Ben-Yi Ji, Aris P Christodoulou, "Preparation of naltrexone from codeine and 3-benzylmorphine." U.S. Patent US6013796, issued March, 1990.

 US6013796
一般引用
  1. Schmitz JM, Stotts AL, Rhoades HM, Grabowski J: Naltrexone and relapse prevention treatment for cocaine-dependent patients. Addict Behav. 2001 Mar-Apr;26(2):167-80. [Article]
  2. Krystal JH, Gueorguieva R, Cramer J, Collins J, Rosenheck R: Naltrexone is associated with reduced drinking by alcohol dependent patients receiving antidepressants for mood and anxiety symptoms: results from VA Cooperative Study No. 425, "Naltrexone in the treatment of alcoholism". Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2008 Jan;32(1):85-91. Epub 2007 Dec 7. [Article]
  3. Ray LA, Chin PF, Miotto K: Naltrexone for the treatment of alcoholism: clinical findings, mechanisms of action, and pharmacogenetics. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2010 Mar;9(1):13-22. [Article]
  4. Kariv R, Tiomny E, Grenshpon R, Dekel R, Waisman G, Ringel Y, Halpern Z: Low-dose naltreoxone for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: a pilot study. Dig Dis Sci. 2006 Dec;51(12):2128-33. Epub 2006 Nov 1. [Article]
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0014842
KEGG Drug
D05113
KEGG Compound
C07253
PubChem Compound
5360515
PubChem Substance
46505333
ChemSpider
4514524
BindingDB
60212
RxNav
7243
ChEBI
7465
ChEMBL
CHEMBL19019
ZINC
ZINC000000001773
Therapeutic Targets Database
DAP000379
PharmGKB
PA450588
RxList
RxList Drug Page
Drugs.com
Drugs.com Drug Page
PDRhealth
PDRhealth Drug Page
Wikipedia
Naltrexone
FDA label
Download (1.83 MB)
MSDS
Download (73.9 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical TrialsLearn More" title="" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count
4 积极不招聘 Treatment Obesity/Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 1
4 Completed Basic Science Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)/健康受试者(HS) 1
4 Completed Basic Science Depression/Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) 1
4 Completed Basic Science Heroin Dependence/Opioid Related Disorders 1
4 Completed Basic Science Neuroscience of Dreaming, Healthy 1
4 Completed Diagnostic 健康受试者(HS) 1
4 Completed Health Services Research Drug Use/Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections 1
4 Completed Other Opioid Related Disorders 1
4 Completed Treatment Alcohol Abuse, Alcohol Dependence/Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD)/Substance Use 1
4 Completed Treatment Alcohol Dependency 19

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
  • Alkermes inc
  • Actavis totowa llc
  • Barr laboratories inc
  • Mallinckrodt inc
  • Sandoz inc
  • Duramed pharmaceuticals inc
Packagers
  • Alkermes Inc.
  • Barr Pharmaceuticals
  • Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.
  • Cephalon Inc.
  • D.M. Graham Laboratories Inc.
  • Duramed
  • Eon Labs
  • Heartland Repack Services LLC
  • Kaiser Foundation Hospital
  • King Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Mallinckrodt Inc.
  • Medisca Inc.
  • Murfreesboro Pharmaceutical Nursing Supply
  • Pharmacy Service Center
  • Physicians Total Care Inc.
  • Professional Co.
  • Spectrum Pharmaceuticals
  • Stat Rx Usa
Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength
Pellet, implantable Subcutaneous 1000 mg/1
Capsule Oral 10 MG
Capsule Oral 25 MG
Capsule Oral 50 MG
Solution Oral 100 MG/20ML
Solution Oral 50 MG/10ML
Solution Oral 50 MG
Tablet, film coated, extended release Oral
Tablet, film coated Oral
Capsule, extended release Oral
Tablet, coated Oral 50 MG
Implant Subcutaneous
Tablet, film coated Oral 50 MG
Powder Not applicable 1 g/1g
Tablet, film coated Oral 50 mg/1
Tablet, extended release Oral
Tablet Oral
Tablet Oral 10 MG
Tablet Oral 50 mg
Tablet Oral 50 mg / tab
Injection, powder, for suspension, extended release; kit Intramuscular 380 mg/4mL
Kit Intramuscular 380 mg/1
Prices
Unit description Cost Unit
Vivitrol injectable suspension 960.0USD each
ReVia 30 50 mg tablet Bottle 291.73USD bottle
Naltrexone hcl powder 172.54美元 g
Naltrexone powder 69.0USD g
Revia 50 mg tablet 9.35USD tablet
Naltrexone 50 mg tablet 4.57USD tablet
Naltrexone HCl 50 mg tablet 4.45USD tablet
Depade 50 mg tablet 4.28USD tablet
DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
Patents
Patent Number Pediatric Extension Approved Expires (estimated) Region
US7919499 No 2011-04-05 2029-10-15 US flag
US6537586 No 2003-03-25 2019-11-12 US flag
US6331317 No 2001-12-18 2019-11-12 US flag
US6667061 Yes 2003-12-23 2020-11-25 US flag
US5792477 Yes 1998-08-11 2017-11-02 US flag
US6395304 No 2002-05-28 2019-11-12 US flag
US7799345 No 2010-09-21 2020-05-25 US flag
US5916598 Yes 1999-06-29 2017-11-02 US flag
US6379703 Yes 2002-04-30 2019-06-30 US flag
US6495164 No 2002-12-17 2020-05-25 US flag
US6403114 Yes 2002-06-11 2017-11-02 US flag
US6379704 No 2002-04-30 2020-05-19 US flag
US6596316 Yes 2003-07-22 2019-06-30 US flag
US6713090 No 2004-03-30 2019-11-12 US flag
US6194006 Yes 2001-02-27 2019-06-30 US flag
US6264987 No 2001-07-24 2020-05-19 US flag
US6495166 No 2002-12-17 2019-11-12 US flag
US6534092 No 2003-03-18 2020-05-19 US flag
US6939033 No 2005-09-06 2019-11-12 US flag
US8685443 No 2014-04-01 2025-07-03 US flag
US8158156 No 2012-04-17 2027-06-19 US flag
US7682633 No 2010-03-23 2027-06-19 US flag
US8623418 No 2014-01-07 2029-11-07 US flag
US8685444 No 2014-04-01 2025-07-03 US flag
US8846104 No 2014-09-30 2027-06-19 US flag
US7815934 No 2010-10-19 2027-12-12 US flag
US7682634 No 2010-03-23 2027-06-19 US flag
US8877247 No 2014-11-04 2027-06-19 US flag
US8722085 No 2014-05-13 2027-11-08 US flag
US8318788 No 2012-11-27 2027-11-08 US flag
US7462626 No 2008-12-09 2024-07-20 US flag
US8815889 No 2014-08-26 2024-07-20 US flag
US9107837 No 2015-08-18 2027-06-04 US flag
US9125868 No 2015-09-08 2027-11-08 US flag
US8916195 No 2014-12-23 2030-02-02 US flag
US9248123 No 2016-02-02 2032-01-13 US flag
US8088786 No 2012-01-03 2029-02-03 US flag
US7375111 No 2008-05-20 2025-03-26 US flag
US10231964 No 2019-03-19 2034-07-02 US flag
US10307376 No 2019-06-04 2027-11-08 US flag
US10835527 No 2020-11-17 2034-07-02 US flag
US10828294 No 2020-11-10 2034-07-02 US flag
US11139056 No 2021-10-05 2033-06-05 US flag
US10403170 No 2019-09-03 2033-06-05 US flag
US9633575 No 2017-04-25 2033-06-25 US flag
US11033543 No 2021-06-15 2031-01-10 US flag
US11278544 No 2004-04-21 2024-04-21 US flag
US11324741 No 2009-05-29 2029-05-29 US flag

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
Property Value Source
melting point (°C) 168-170 °C PhysProp
water solubility 100 mg/mL (as hydrochloride salt) Not Available
logP 1.92 HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
Water Solubility 3.07 mg/mL ALOGPS
logP 2.07 ALOGPS
logP 1.27 Chemaxon
logS -2 ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic) 10.2 Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic) 9.35 Chemaxon
Physiological Charge 1 Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count 5 Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count 2 Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area 70 Å2 Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count 2 Chemaxon
Refractivity 91.5 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon
Polarizability 36.03 Å3 Chemaxon
Number of Rings 6 Chemaxon
Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon
Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon
Ghose Filter Yes Chemaxon
Veber's Rule No Chemaxon
MDDR-like规则 No Chemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability
Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.9769
Blood Brain Barrier + 0.9671
Caco-2 permeable + 0.7471
P-glycoprotein substrate Substrate 0.8685
P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.8867
P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.8718
Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.5189
CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.8336
CYP450 2D6 substrate Substrate 0.5925
CYP450 3A4 substrate Substrate 0.5981
CYP450 1A2 substrate Inhibitor 0.6656
CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9355
CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.5686
CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9354
CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8993
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.9483
Ames test 非艾姆斯有毒 0.6324
Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.96
Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.9939
Rat acute toxicity 2.7174 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.861
hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.8446
ADMET data is predicted usingadmetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
Spectrum Spectrum Type Splash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS Predicted GC-MS Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-00di-0009000000-e30316dd5784a7100d38
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-0006-0009000000-2218214724e56047d52b
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-0006-0009000000-bb047c719f3429eb4410
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-00di-0049000000-de9a717563978f22f02f
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-00xr-0191000000-d2f2ff1e4eb93db46b5e
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-03di-1390000000-091705f6f42bc0f1c209
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-03di-1890000000-148c5608ef92c1dcaac4
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-0006-0009000000-6df03abdbdb7461f2945
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-0006-0009000000-059b1dffee7ef15b9e95
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-00di-0049000000-a20ede951b350fa97a31
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-00xr-0191000000-8a66ac92b4a1eadcc405
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-03di-1490000000-0cfb621f77295ff438f2
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-03di-1980000000-63edda852273619df16c
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-00di-0009000000-59ab0ef68d6e13a7d085

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Details 1.Mu-type opioid receptor
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Voltage-gated calcium channel activity
Specific Function
Receptor for endogenous opioids such as beta-endorphin and endomorphin. Receptor for natural and synthetic opioids including morphine, heroin, DAMGO, fentanyl, etorphine, buprenorphin and methadone...
Gene Name
OPRM1
Uniprot ID
P35372
Uniprot Name
Mu-type opioid receptor
分子量
44778.855 Da
References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
  2. 加藤H:[药理作用a mu-opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone on alcohol dependence]. Nihon Arukoru Yakubutsu Igakkai Zasshi. 2008 Oct;43(5):697-704. [Article]
  3. Helm S, Trescot AM, Colson J, Sehgal N, Silverman S: Opioid antagonists, partial agonists, and agonists/antagonists: the role of office-based detoxification. Pain Physician. 2008 Mar-Apr;11(2):225-35. [Article]
  4. Goodman AJ, Le Bourdonnec B, Dolle RE: Mu opioid receptor antagonists: recent developments. ChemMedChem. 2007 Nov;2(11):1552-70. [Article]
  5. Barrios de Tomasi E, Juarez-Gonzalez J: [Opioid antagonists and alcohol consumption]. Rev Neurol. 2007 Aug 1-15;45(3):155-62. [Article]
  6. Weerts EM, Kim YK, Wand GS, Dannals RF, Lee JS, Frost JJ, McCaul ME: Differences in delta- and mu-opioid receptor blockade measured by positron emission tomography in naltrexone-treated recently abstinent alcohol-dependent subjects. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2008 Feb;33(3):653-65. Epub 2007 May 9. [Article]
  7. Herz A: Opioid reward mechanisms: a key role in drug abuse? Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1998 Mar;76(3):252-8. [Article]
Details 2.Kappa-type opioid receptor
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Opioid receptor activity
Specific Function
G-protein coupled opioid receptor that functions as receptor for endogenous alpha-neoendorphins and dynorphins, but has low affinity for beta-endorphins. Also functions as receptor for various synt...
Gene Name
OPRK1
Uniprot ID
P41145
Uniprot Name
Kappa-type opioid receptor
分子量
42644.665 Da
References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
  2. Helm S, Trescot AM, Colson J, Sehgal N, Silverman S: Opioid antagonists, partial agonists, and agonists/antagonists: the role of office-based detoxification. Pain Physician. 2008 Mar-Apr;11(2):225-35. [Article]
  3. Herz A: Endogenous opioid systems and alcohol addiction. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1997 Jan;129(2):99-111. [Article]
  4. Barrios de Tomasi E, Juarez-Gonzalez J: [Opioid antagonists and alcohol consumption]. Rev Neurol. 2007 Aug 1-15;45(3):155-62. [Article]
  5. Wee S, Orio L, Ghirmai S, Cashman JR, Koob GF: Inhibition of kappa opioid receptors attenuated increased cocaine intake in rats with extended access to cocaine. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2009 Sep;205(4):565-75. doi: 10.1007/s00213-009-1563-y. Epub 2009 May 30. [Article]
Details 3.Delta-type opioid receptor
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Opioid receptor activity
Specific Function
G-protein coupled receptor that functions as receptor for endogenous enkephalins and for a subset of other opioids. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine n...
Gene Name
OPRD1
Uniprot ID
P41143
Uniprot Name
Delta-type opioid receptor
分子量
40368.235 Da
References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
  2. Roy S, Guo X, Kelschenbach J, Liu Y, Loh HH: In vivo activation of a mutant mu-opioid receptor by naltrexone produces a potent analgesic effect but no tolerance: role of mu-receptor activation and delta-receptor blockade in morphine tolerance. J Neurosci. 2005 Mar 23;25(12):3229-33. [Article]
  3. Barrios de Tomasi E, Juarez-Gonzalez J: [Opioid antagonists and alcohol consumption]. Rev Neurol. 2007 Aug 1-15;45(3):155-62. [Article]
  4. Weerts EM, Kim YK, Wand GS, Dannals RF, Lee JS, Frost JJ, McCaul ME: Differences in delta- and mu-opioid receptor blockade measured by positron emission tomography in naltrexone-treated recently abstinent alcohol-dependent subjects. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2008 Feb;33(3):653-65. Epub 2007 May 9. [Article]
  5. Herz A: Opioid reward mechanisms: a key role in drug abuse? Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1998 Mar;76(3):252-8. [Article]
  6. Herz A: Endogenous opioid systems and alcohol addiction. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1997 Jan;129(2):99-111. [Article]
Details 4.Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Opioid receptor activity
Specific Function
Functions in lipid transport from the endoplasmic reticulum and is involved in a wide array of cellular functions probably through regulation of the biogenesis of lipid microdomains at the plasma m...
Gene Name
SIGMAR1
Uniprot ID
Q99720
Uniprot Name
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1
分子量
25127.52 Da
References
  1. Helm S, Trescot AM, Colson J, Sehgal N, Silverman S: Opioid antagonists, partial agonists, and agonists/antagonists: the role of office-based detoxification. Pain Physician. 2008 Mar-Apr;11(2):225-35. [Article]

Enzymes

Details 1.UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Steroid binding
Specific Function
UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isoform glucuronidates bilirubin IX-alpha to form both the...
Gene Name
UGT1A1
Uniprot ID
P22309
Uniprot Name
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1
分子量
59590.91 Da
References
  1. Antonilli L, Brusadin V, Milella MS, Sobrero F, Badiani A, Nencini P: In vivo chronic exposure to heroin or naltrexone selectively inhibits liver microsome formation of estradiol-3-glucuronide in the rat. Biochem Pharmacol. 2008 Sep 1;76(5):672-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.06.011. Epub 2008 Jul 1. [Article]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at April 05, 2023 08:56