NAV

Tamoxifen

Identification

Summary

Tamoxifenis a selective estrogen receptor modulator used to treat estrogen receptor positive breast cancer, reduce the risk of invasive breast cancer following surgery, or reduce the risk of breast cancer in high risk women.

Brand Names
Soltamox
Generic Name
Tamoxifen
DrugBank Accession Number
DB00675
Background

Tamoxifen is a non-steroidal antiestrogen used to treat estrogen receptor positive breast cancers as well as prevent the incidence of breast cancer in high risk populations.1,15,16Tamoxifen is used alone or as an adjuvant in these treatments.15,16Tamoxifen may no longer be the preferred treatment for these types of cancers as patients generally have better survival, side effect profiles, and compliance withanastrozole.2

Tamoxifen was granted FDA approval on 30 December 1977.15

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved
Structure
 3D
Similar Structures
Weight
Average: 371.5146
单一同位素的:371.224914555
Chemical Formula
C26H29NO
Synonyms
  • (Z)-2-(4-(1,2-Diphenyl-1-butenyl)phenoxy)-N,N-dimethylethanamine
  • (Z)-2-(para-(1,2-Diphenyl-1-butenyl)phenoxy)-N,N-dimethylamine
  • 1-p-beta-Dimethylaminoethoxyphenyl-trans-1,2-diphenylbut-1-ene
  • 1-para-beta-Dimethylaminoethoxyphenyl-trans-1,2-diphenylbut-1-ene
  • Tamoxifen
  • Tamoxifène
  • Tamoxifene
  • Tamoxifeno
  • Tamoxifenum
  • trans-Tamoxifen
External IDs
  • ICI 47699
  • ICI-47699

Pharmacology

Indication

Tamoxifen is indicated to treat estrogen receptor positive metastatic breast cancer in adults, as an adjuvant in the treatment of early stage estrogen receptor positive breast cancer in adults, to reduce the risk of invasive breast cancer after surgery and radiation in adult women with ductal carcinoma in situ.16

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Associated Conditions
Associated Therapies
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator that inhibits growth and promotes apoptosis in estrogen receptor positive tumors.1,8It has a long duration of action as the active metabolite N-desmethyltamoxifen has a half life of approximately 2 weeks.15,16It has a narrow therapeutic index as higher doses can lead to breathing difficulty or convulsions.15,16Tamoxifen administration is also associated with an increased incidence of uterine malignancies.15,16

Mechanism of action

Tamoxifen competitively inhibits estrogen binding to its receptor, which is critical for it's activity in breast cancer cells.1Tamoxifen leads to a decrease in tumor growth factor α and insulin-like growth factor 1, and an increase in sex hormone binding globulin.1The increase in sex hormon binding globulin limits the amount of freely available estradiol.1These changes reduce levels of factors that stimulate tumor growth.1

Tamoxifen has also been shown to induce apoptosis in estrogen receptor positive cells.8This action is thought to be the result of inhibition of protein kinase C, which prevents DNA synthesis.8Alternate theories for the apoptotic effect of tamoxifen comes from the approximately 3 fold increase in intracellular and mitochondrial calcium ion levels after administration or the induction of tumor growth factor β.8

Target Actions Organism
AEstrogen receptor alpha
antagonist
agonist
 Humans
AEstrogen receptor beta
antagonist
agonist
 Humans
AProtein kinase C
inhibitor
 Humans
ASex hormone-binding globulin
inducer
 Humans
U3-beta-hydroxysteroid-Delta(8),Delta(7)-isomerase
inhibitor
 Humans
UAndrogen receptor Not Available Humans
UPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2
inhibitor
 Humans
UNuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Not Available Humans
UEstrogen-related receptor gamma Not Available Humans
UMitogen-activated protein kinase 8
modulator
 Humans
Absorption

20毫克口服剂量达到Cmaxof 40ng/mL with a Tmaxof 5 hours.15,16The metabolite N-desmethyltamoxifen reaches a Cmaxof 15ng/mL.15,1610mg of tamoxifen orally twice daily for 3 months results in a Cssof 120ng/mL and a Cssof 336ng/mL.15,16

Volume of distribution

The volume of distribution of tamoxifen is approximately 50-60L/kg.11

Protein binding

The protein binding of tamoxifen in plasma is over 98% and mostly to serum albumin.11

Metabolism

Tamoxifen can by hydroxylated to α-hydroxytamoxifen which is then glucuronidated or undergoes sulfate conjugation by sulfotransferase 2A1.4,6Tamoxifen can also undergo N-oxidation by flavin monooxygenases 1 and 3 to tamoxifen N-oxide.4,6,7Tamoxifen is N-dealkylated to N-desmethyltamoxifen by CYP2D6, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP3A4, CYP1B1, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A5.3,4,5,6,7N-desmethyltamoxifen can be sulfate conjugated to form N-desmethyltamoxifen sulfate, 4-hydroxylated by CYP2D6 to form endoxifen, or N-dealkylated again by CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 to N,N-didesmethyltamoxifen.4,5,13N,N-didesmethyltamoxifen undergoes a substitution reaction to form tamoxifen metabolite Y, followed by ether cleavage to metabolite E, which can then be sulfate conjugated by sulfotransferase 1A1 and 1E1 or O-glucuronidated.13,14

Tamoxifen can also by 4-hydroxylated by CYP2D6, CYP2B6, CYP3A4, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 to form 4-hydroxytamoxifen.3,4,5,64-hydroxytamoxifen can undergo glucuronidation by UGT1A8, UGT1A10, UGT2B7, and UGT2B17 to tamoxifen glucuronides, sulfate conjugation by sulfotransferase 1A1 and 1E1 to 4-hydroxytamoxifen sulfate, or N-dealkylation by CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 to endoxifen.4,5

Endoxifen undergoes demethylation to norendoxifen, a reversible sulfate conjugation reaction via sulfotransferase 1A1 and 1E1 to 4-hydroxytamoxifen sulfate, sulfate conjugation via sulfotransferase 2A1 to 4-endoxifen sulfate, or glucuronidation via UGT1A8, UGT1A10, UGT2B7, or UGT2B15 to tamoxifen glucuronides.13,4,5

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Route of elimination

Tamoxifen is mainly eliminated in the feces.15,16Animal studies have shown 75% of radiolabelled tamoxifen recovered in the feces, with negligible collection from urine.9However, 1 human study showed 26.7% recovery in the urine and 24.7% in the feces.10

Half-life

The terminal elimination half-life of tamoxifen is 5 to 7 days, while the half-life of N-desmethyltamoxifen, the primary circulating metabolite, is approximately 14 days.15,16

Clearance

The clearance of tamoxifen was 189mL/min in a study of six postmenopausal women.12

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

High doses of tamoxifen in animals lead to respiratory difficulty and convulsions.15,16High doses in advanced metastatic cancer patients resulted in acute neurotoxicity seen by tremor, hyperreflexia, unsteady gait, and dizziness.15,16Patients experiencing and overdose should be given supportive treatment as no specific treatment for overdose is suggested.15,16

Pathways
Pathway Category
Tamoxifen Metabolism Pathway Drug metabolism
Tamoxifen Action Pathway Drug action
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRsBrowse all" title="" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Interacting Gene/Enzyme Allele name Genotype(s) Defining Change(s) Type(s) Description Details
Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6*4 (A;A) A Allele, homozygote EffectDirectly Studied Patients with this genotype have reduced metabolism of tamoxifen resulting in reduced plasma concentrations its active form endoxifen. Details
Coagulation factor V --- (A;A)/(A;G) A allele ADRDirectly Studied Patients with this genotype have increased risk of a thromboembolic event with tamoxifen. Details
Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6*3 Not Available Callele EffectInferred Poor response to drug treatment, shorter time to relapse Details
Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6*5 Not Available Whole-gene deletion EffectInferred Poor response to drug treatment, shorter time to relapse Details
Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6*6 Not Available 1707delT EffectInferred Poor response to drug treatment, shorter time to relapse Details
Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6*7 Not Available 2935A>C EffectInferred Poor response to drug treatment, shorter time to relapse Details
Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6*8 Not Available 1758G>T EffectInferred Poor response to drug treatment, shorter time to relapse Details
Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6*11 Not Available 883G>C EffectInferred Poor response to drug treatment, shorter time to relapse Details
Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6*12 Not Available 124G>A EffectInferred Poor response to drug treatment, shorter time to relapse Details
Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6*13 Not Available CYP2D7/2D6 hybrid gene structure EffectInferred Poor response to drug treatment, shorter time to relapse Details
Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6*14A Not Available 1758G>A EffectInferred Poor response to drug treatment, shorter time to relapse Details
Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6*15 Not Available 137insT, 137_138insT EffectInferred Poor response to drug treatment, shorter time to relapse Details
Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6*19 Not Available 2539_2542delAACT EffectInferred Poor response to drug treatment, shorter time to relapse Details
Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6*20 Not Available 1973_1974insG EffectInferred Poor response to drug treatment, shorter time to relapse Details
Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6*21 Not Available 2573insC EffectInferred Poor response to drug treatment, shorter time to relapse Details
Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6*31 Not Available -1770G>A/-1584C>G…show all EffectInferred Poor response to drug treatment, shorter time to relapse Details
Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6*36 Not Available 100C>T/-1426C>T…show all EffectInferred Poor response to drug treatment, shorter time to relapse Details
Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6*38 Not Available 2587_2590delGACT EffectInferred Poor response to drug treatment, shorter time to relapse Details
Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6*40 Not Available 1863_1864ins(TTT CGC CCC)2 EffectInferred Poor response to drug treatment, shorter time to relapse Details
Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6*42 Not Available 3259_3260insGT EffectInferred Poor response to drug treatment, shorter time to relapse Details
Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6*44 Not Available 2950G>C EffectInferred Poor response to drug treatment, shorter time to relapse Details
Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6*47 Not Available 100C>T/-1426C>T…show all EffectInferred Poor response to drug treatment, shorter time to relapse Details
Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6*51 Not Available -1584C>G/-1235A>G…show all EffectInferred Poor response to drug treatment, shorter time to relapse Details
Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6*56 Not Available 3201C>T EffectInferred Poor response to drug treatment, shorter time to relapse Details
Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6*57 Not Available 100C>T/310G>T…show all EffectInferred Poor response to drug treatment, shorter time to relapse Details
Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6*62 Not Available 4044C>T EffectInferred Poor response to drug treatment, shorter time to relapse Details
Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6*68A Not Available -1426C>T/-1235A>G…show all EffectInferred Poor response to drug treatment, shorter time to relapse Details
Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6*68B Not Available Similar but not identical switch region compared to CYP2D6*68A. Found in tandem arrangement with CYP2D6*4. EffectInferred Poor response to drug treatment, shorter time to relapse Details
Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6*69 Not Available 2988G>A/-1426C>T…show all EffectInferred Poor response to drug treatment, shorter time to relapse Details
Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6*92 Not Available 1995delC EffectInferred Poor response to drug treatment, shorter time to relapse Details
Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6*100 Not Available -1426C>T/-1235A>G…show all EffectInferred Poor response to drug treatment, shorter time to relapse Details
Cytochrome P450 2D6 CYP2D6*101 Not Available -1426C>T/-1235A>G…show all EffectInferred Poor response to drug treatment, shorter time to relapse Details

Interactions

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This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction
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Abametapir The serum concentration of Tamoxifen can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir.
Abatacept The metabolism of Tamoxifen can be increased when combined with Abatacept.
Abciximab The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Tamoxifen is combined with Abciximab.
Abemaciclib The serum concentration of Abemaciclib can be increased when it is combined with Tamoxifen.
Abiraterone The serum concentration of Tamoxifen can be increased when it is combined with Abiraterone.
Abrocitinib The metabolism of Abrocitinib can be decreased when combined with Tamoxifen.
Acalabrutinib The metabolism of Acalabrutinib can be increased when combined with Tamoxifen.
Acebutolol The metabolism of Tamoxifen can be decreased when combined with Acebutolol.
Acenocoumarol The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Tamoxifen is combined with Acenocoumarol.
Acetaminophen Tamoxifen may increase the hepatotoxic activities of Acetaminophen.
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Food Interactions
  • 锻炼标出tion with St. John's Wort. This herb induces CYP3A4 metabolism, which may reduce the serum concentration of tamoxifen.
  • Take with a full glass of water.
  • Take with or without food.

Products

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Product Ingredients
Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key
Tamoxifen citrate 7FRV7310N6 54965-24-1 FQZYTYWMLGAPFJ-OQKDUQJOSA-N
Product Images
International/Other Brands
Adifen (Medicamerc)/Adopan (Sawai Seiyaku)/Bilem (Teva Int'l)/Caditam (Cadila)/Citofen/Crisafeno (LKM)/Doctamoxifene (Docpharma)/Ebefen (Ebewe)/Fenahex (Sandoz)/Genox (Merck Serono)/Gynatam (Biogalenic)/Istubal (AstraZeneca)/Mammonex (CP Pharmaceuticals)/Neophedan (Aspen Pharmacare)/Noltam/Nolvadex-D (AstraZeneca)/Novofen (Remedica)/Oncomox (Sun)/Tadex (Orion)/Tamifen (Medochemie)/Tamizam (Mithra)/Tamofen (Sanofi-Aventis)/Tamoneprin (Actavis)/Tamoplex (Pharmachemie)/Tamoxen (Ascent)/Tamoxilon (Celon)/Tamtero (Hetero)/Tecnotax (Zodiac)/Tomifen (Alkem)/Valodex/Zemide
Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image
Nolvadex Tablet 20 mg/1 Oral 阿斯特拉捷利康Lp 1994-03-31 2008-03-31 US flag
Nolvadex Tablet 10 mg/1 Oral 阿斯特拉捷利康Lp 1990-09-01 2008-03-31 US flag
Nolvadex Tab 10mg Tablet 10 mg Oral 阿斯特拉捷利康 1994-12-31 2003-04-01 Canada flag
Nolvadex-D Tab 20mg Tablet 20 mg Oral 阿斯特拉捷利康 1995-12-31 2023-03-22 Canada flag
Soltamox Liquid 20 mg/10mL Oral Mayne Pharma 2021-06-18 Not applicable US flag
Soltamox Liquid 10 mg/5mL Oral Rosemont Pharmaceuticals Ltd 2012-10-01 2018-08-01 US flag
Soltamox Liquid 20 mg/10mL Oral Fortovia Therapeutics Inc. 2005-10-29 2022-06-30 US flag
Tamofen 10 Tablet 10 mg Oral Sanofi Aventis 1986-12-31 2011-01-11 Canada flag
Tamofen 20 Tablet 20 mg Oral Sanofi Aventis 1986-12-31 2011-01-14 Canada flag
Tamone - (10 Mg) Tablet 10 mg Oral Pfizer Canada Ulc 1996-12-31 2007-10-02 Canada flag
Generic Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image
Apo-tamox Tab 10mg Tablet 10 mg Oral Apotex Corporation 1989-12-31 Not applicable Canada flag
Apo-tamox Tab 20mg Tablet 20 mg Oral Apotex Corporation 1989-12-31 Not applicable Canada flag
Dom-tamoxifen Tablet 10 mg / tab Oral Dominion Pharmacal Not applicable 2016-10-25 Canada flag
Dom-tamoxifen Tablet 20 mg / tab Oral Dominion Pharmacal Not applicable Not applicable Canada flag
Mylan-tamoxifen Tablet 10 mg Oral Mylan Pharmaceuticals 1994-12-31 2017-01-09 Canada flag
Mylan-tamoxifen Tablet 20 mg Oral Mylan Pharmaceuticals 1994-12-31 2017-01-09 Canada flag
Penta-tamoxifen Tablets Tablet 20 mg / tab Oral Pentapharm Ltd. Not applicable Not applicable Canada flag
Penta-tamoxifen Tablets Tablet 10 mg / tab Oral Pentapharm Ltd. Not applicable Not applicable Canada flag
PMS-tamoxifen Tablet 20 mg Oral Pharmascience Inc 1998-12-01 2016-10-28 Canada flag
PMS-tamoxifen Tablet 10 mg Oral Pharmascience Inc 1998-12-01 2016-10-28 Canada flag
Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image
Nuvya Tamoxifen citrate(0.1 g/0.1g)+Adapalene(0.15 g/0.15g)+Diclofenac sodium(1 g/1g) Kit Topical Accumix Pharmaceuticals 2014-12-15 2015-07-17 US flag

Categories

ATC Codes
L02BA01 — Tamoxifen
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided byClassyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as stilbenes. These are organic compounds containing a 1,2-diphenylethylene moiety. Stilbenes (C6-C2-C6 ) are derived from the common phenylpropene (C6-C3) skeleton building block. The introduction of one or more hydroxyl groups to a phenyl ring lead to stilbenoids.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Phenylpropanoids and polyketides
Class
Stilbenes
Sub Class
Not Available
Direct Parent
Stilbenes
Alternative Parents
二苯基甲烷s/Phenylpropanes/Phenoxy compounds/Phenol ethers/Alkyl aryl ethers/Trialkylamines/Organopnictogen compounds/Hydrocarbon derivatives
Substituents
Alkyl aryl ether/Amine/Aromatic homomonocyclic compound/Benzenoid/二苯基甲烷/Ether/Hydrocarbon derivative/Monocyclic benzene moiety/Organic nitrogen compound/Organic oxygen compound
Molecular Framework
Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
tertiary amino compound, stilbenoid (CHEBI:41774)
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
094ZI81Y45
CAS number
10540-29-1
InChI Key
NKANXQFJJICGDU-QPLCGJKRSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C26H29NO/c1-4-25(21-11-7-5-8-12-21)26(22-13-9-6-10-14-22)23-15-17-24(18-16-23)28-20-19-27(2)3/h5-18H,4,19-20H2,1-3H3/b26-25-
IUPAC Name
(2-{4-[(1Z)-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl]phenoxy}ethyl)dimethylamine
SMILES
CC\C(=C(/C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=C(OCCN(C)C)C=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1

References

Synthesis Reference

Chengjian Mao, "Tamoxifen and 4-hydroxytamoxifen-activated system for regulated production of proteins in eukaryotic cells." U.S. Patent US20030199022, issued October 23, 2003.

 US20030199022
General References
  1. Jordan VC: Fourteenth Gaddum Memorial Lecture. A current view of tamoxifen for the treatment and prevention of breast cancer. Br J Pharmacol. 1993 Oct;110(2):507-17. [Article]
  2. Howell A, Cuzick J, Baum M, Buzdar A, Dowsett M, Forbes JF, Hoctin-Boes G, Houghton J, Locker GY, Tobias JS: Results of the ATAC (Arimidex, Tamoxifen, Alone or in Combination) trial after completion of 5 years' adjuvant treatment for breast cancer. Lancet. 2005 Jan 1-7;365(9453):60-2. [Article]
  3. Crewe HK, Notley LM, Wunsch RM, Lennard MS, Gillam EM: Metabolism of tamoxifen by recombinant human cytochrome P450 enzymes: formation of the 4-hydroxy, 4'-hydroxy and N-desmethyl metabolites and isomerization of trans-4-hydroxytamoxifen. Drug Metab Dispos. 2002 Aug;30(8):869-74. [Article]
  4. Squirewell EJ, Qin X, Duffel MW: Endoxifen and other metabolites of tamoxifen inhibit human hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase 2A1 (hSULT2A1). Drug Metab Dispos. 2014 Nov;42(11):1843-50. doi: 10.1124/dmd.114.059709. Epub 2014 Aug 25. [Article]
  5. Cronin-Fenton DP, Damkier P, Lash TL: Metabolism and transport of tamoxifen in relation to its effectiveness: new perspectives on an ongoing controversy. Future Oncol. 2014 Jan;10(1):107-22. doi: 10.2217/fon.13.168. [Article]
  6. White IN: The tamoxifen dilemma. Carcinogenesis. 1999 Jul;20(7):1153-60. doi: 10.1093/carcin/20.7.1153. [Article]
  7. Parte P, Kupfer D: Oxidation of tamoxifen by human flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) 1 and FMO3 to tamoxifen-N-oxide and its novel reduction back to tamoxifen by human cytochromes P450 and hemoglobin. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Oct;33(10):1446-52. doi: 10.1124/dmd.104.000802. Epub 2005 Jun 29. [Article]
  8. Radin DP, Patel P: Delineating the molecular mechanisms of tamoxifen's oncolytic actions in estrogen receptor-negative cancers. Eur J Pharmacol. 2016 Jun 15;781:173-80. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.04.017. Epub 2016 Apr 12. [Article]
  9. Fromson JM, Pearson S, Bramah S: The metabolism of tamoxifen (I.C.I. 46,474). I. In laboratory animals. Xenobiotica. 1973 Nov;3(11):693-709. doi: 10.3109/00498257309151594. [Article]
  10. Kisanga ER, Mellgren G, Lien EA: Excretion of hydroxylated metabolites of tamoxifen in human bile and urine. Anticancer Res. 2005 Nov-Dec;25(6C):4487-92. [Article]
  11. Lien EA, Solheim E, Lea OA, Lundgren S, Kvinnsland S, Ueland PM: Distribution of 4-hydroxy-N-desmethyltamoxifen and other tamoxifen metabolites in human biological fluids during tamoxifen treatment. Cancer Res. 1989 Apr 15;49(8):2175-83. [Article]
  12. Lien EA, Anker G, Lonning PE, Solheim E, Ueland PM: Decreased serum concentrations of tamoxifen and its metabolites induced by aminoglutethimide. Cancer Res. 1990 Sep 15;50(18):5851-7. [Article]
  13. Klein DJ, Thorn CF, Desta Z, Flockhart DA, Altman RB, Klein TE: PharmGKB summary: tamoxifen pathway, pharmacokinetics. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2013 Nov;23(11):643-7. doi: 10.1097/FPC.0b013e3283656bc1. [Article]
  14. Kemp JV, Adam HK, Wakeling AE, Slater R: Identification and biological activity of tamoxifen metabolites in human serum. Biochem Pharmacol. 1983 Jul 1;32(13):2045-52. doi: 10.1016/0006-2952(83)90425-2. [Article]
  15. FDA Approved Drug Products: Tamoxifen Oral Tablets [Link]
  16. FDA Approved Drug Products: Tamoxifen Oral Solution [Link]
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0014813
KEGG Drug
D08559
KEGG Compound
C07108
PubChem Compound
2733526
PubChem Substance
46505515
ChemSpider
2015313
BindingDB
20607
RxNav
10324
ChEBI
41774
ChEMBL
CHEMBL83
ZINC
ZINC000001530689
Therapeutic Targets Database
DAP000108
PharmGKB
PA451581
Guide to Pharmacology
GtP Drug Page
PDBe Ligand
CTX
RxList
RxList Drug Page
Drugs.com
Drugs.com Drug Page
Wikipedia
Tamoxifen
PDB Entries
1ya4/6ohu/6sxf
FDA label
Download (102 KB)
MSDS
Download (74.8 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical TrialsLearn More" title="" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count
4 Completed Basic Science Pharmacokinetics 1
4 Completed Health Services Research Breast Cancer 1
4 Completed Prevention Hypermenorrhea/Medicated Intrauterine Devices/Metrorrhagia 1
4 Completed Supportive Care Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) 1
4 Completed Treatment Benign Breast Disease/Breast Pain/Fibroadenoma/Fibrocystic Disease of Breast 1
4 Completed Treatment Bleeding/Breakthrough Bleeding/Implants 1
4 Completed Treatment Breast Cancer 3
4 Completed Treatment Disturbances in the menstrual cycle 1
4 Completed Treatment Hormono-depending Adjuvant Breast Cancer 1
4 Completed Treatment Stage I Breast Cancer 1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
  • Rosemont group ltd
  • Astrazeneca pharmaceuticals lp
  • Aegis pharmaceuticals inc
  • Ivax pharmaceuticals inc sub teva pharmaceuticals usa
  • Mylan pharmaceuticals inc
  • Pharmachemie bv
  • Roxane laboratories inc
  • Teva pharmaceuticals usa inc
  • Teva pharmaceuticals usa
  • Watson laboratories inc
  • Watson laboratories inc florida
Packagers
  • Amerisource Health Services Corp.
  • AQ Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • AstraZeneca Inc.
  • Barr Pharmaceuticals
  • Dispensing Solutions
  • Diversified Healthcare Services Inc.
  • Egis Pharmaceuticals Public Ltd. Co.
  • Imperial Chemical Industrial Ltd.
  • Innovative Manufacturing and Distribution Services Inc.
  • Ivax Pharmaceuticals
  • Kaiser Foundation Hospital
  • Mckesson Corp.
  • Medisca Inc.
  • Murfreesboro Pharmaceutical Nursing Supply
  • Mylan
  • Nucare Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Pharmedix
  • Physicians Total Care Inc.
  • Ranbaxy Laboratories
  • Resource Optimization and Innovation LLC
  • Roxane Labs
  • Southwood Pharmaceuticals
  • Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
  • Wampole Laboratories
  • Watson Pharmaceuticals
Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength
Tablet Oral
Tablet, film coated Oral
Tablet, coated Oral 20 mg
Tablet, coated Oral 10 MG
Kit Topical
Liquid Oral 10 mg/5mL
Liquid Oral 20 mg/10mL
Tablet Oral 10 mg
Tablet Oral 10 mg / tab
Tablet Oral 20 mg / tab
Tablet, film coated Oral 30.34 mg
Tablet, film coated Oral 10 MG
Tablet Oral 30.34 mg
Tablet, film coated Oral 20 mg
Tablet, film coated Oral 30 MG
Tablet, film coated Oral 40 MG
Tablet Oral 30 MG
Tablet Oral 10 mg/1
Tablet Oral 20 mg/1
Tablet, film coated Oral 10 mg/1
Tablet, film coated Oral 20 mg/1
Tablet Oral 20 mg
Tablet Oral 15.1714 mg
Prices
Unit description Cost Unit
Tamoxifen citrate powder 50.03USD g
Nolvadex 20 mg tablet 4.46USD tablet
Tamoxifen Citrate 20 mg tablet 3.94USD tablet
Tamoxifen 20 mg tablet 3.79USD tablet
Nolvadex 10 mg tablet 2.04USD tablet
Tamoxifen Citrate 10 mg tablet 1.97USD tablet
Tamoxifen 10 mg tablet 1.89USD tablet
DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
Patents
Patent Number Pediatric Extension Approved Expires (estimated) Region
US6127425 No 2000-10-03 2018-06-26 US flag

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
Property Value Source
melting point (°C) 97 °C http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.2015313.html?rid=1b2fa2ba-dc6c-450e-bcf7-467741bd4eb1
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
Water Solubility 0.00102 mg/mL ALOGPS
logP 5.93 ALOGPS
logP 6.35 Chemaxon
logS -5.6 ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Basic) 8.76 Chemaxon
Physiological Charge 1 Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count 2 Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count 0 Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area 12.47 Å2 Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count 8 Chemaxon
Refractivity 128.43 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon
Polarizability 44.19 Å3 Chemaxon
Number of Rings 3 Chemaxon
Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon
Rule of Five No Chemaxon
Ghose Filter No Chemaxon
Veber's Rule Yes Chemaxon
MDDR-like Rule Yes Chemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability
Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.997
Blood Brain Barrier + 0.5838
Caco-2 permeable + 0.8866
P-glycoprotein substrate Substrate 0.7718
P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Inhibitor 0.8564
P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.6225
Renal organic cation transporter Inhibitor 0.6715
CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.8071
CYP450 2D6 substrate Substrate 0.8918
CYP450 3A4 substrate Substrate 0.7407
CYP450 1A2 substrate Inhibitor 0.8535
CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9072
CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Inhibitor 0.8448
CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9026
CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8796
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity High CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.5054
Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.9132
Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.6058
Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.9048
Rat acute toxicity 1.9882 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I) Strong inhibitor 0.7402
hERG inhibition (predictor II) Inhibitor 0.6898
ADMET data is predicted usingadmetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
Spectrum Spectrum Type Splash Key
预测MS / MS谱- 10V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available
预测MS / MS谱- 20V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available
预测MS / MS谱- 40V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available
预测MS / MS谱- 10V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available
预测MS / MS谱- 20V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available
预测MS / MS谱- 40V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available
MS/MS Spectrum - , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-004i-3972000000-38c8a6cb6c6f2505438b
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-00di-9006000000-8443975759913521d9cd

Targets

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Details 1.Estrogen receptor alpha
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Antagonist
Agonist
General Function
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function
Nuclear hormone receptor. The steroid hormones and their receptors are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissu...
Gene Name
ESR1
Uniprot ID
P03372
Uniprot Name
Estrogen receptor
分子量
66215.45 Da
References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
  2. Sasson S: Equilibrium binding analysis of estrogen agonists and antagonists: relation to the activation of the estrogen receptor. Pathol Biol (Paris). 1991 Jan;39(1):59-69. [Article]
  3. Fabian CJ, Kimler BF: Chemoprevention for high-risk women: tamoxifen and beyond. Breast J. 2001 Sep-Oct;7(5):311-20. [Article]
  4. Cyrus K, Wehenkel M, Choi EY, Lee H, Swanson H, Kim KB: Jostling for position: optimizing linker location in the design of estrogen receptor-targeting PROTACs. ChemMedChem. 2010 Jul 5;5(7):979-85. doi: 10.1002/cmdc.201000146. [Article]
Details 2.Estrogen receptor beta
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Antagonist
Agonist
General Function
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function
Nuclear hormone receptor. Binds estrogens with an affinity similar to that of ESR1, and activates expression of reporter genes containing estrogen response elements (ERE) in an estrogen-dependent m...
Gene Name
ESR2
Uniprot ID
Q92731
Uniprot Name
Estrogen receptor beta
分子量
59215.765 Da
References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
  2. 陈B, Gajdos C,达尔德语R,管理者N,也是老约翰斯顿,Dowsett M, Jordan VC: Potential of endogenous estrogen receptor beta to influence the selective ER modulator ERbeta complex. Int J Oncol. 2005 Aug;27(2):327-35. [Article]
  3. Horner-Glister E, Maleki-Dizaji M, Guerin CJ, Johnson SM, Styles J, White IN: Influence of oestradiol and tamoxifen on oestrogen receptors-alpha and -beta protein degradation and non-genomic signalling pathways in uterine and breast carcinoma cells. J Mol Endocrinol. 2005 Dec;35(3):421-32. [Article]
  4. Girault I, Bieche I, Lidereau R: Role of estrogen receptor alpha transcriptional coregulators in tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. Maturitas. 2006 Jul 20;54(4):342-51. Epub 2006 Jul 5. [Article]
  5. Mc Ilroy M, Fleming FJ, Buggy Y, Hill AD, Young LS: Tamoxifen-induced ER-alpha-SRC-3 interaction in HER2 positive human breast cancer; a possible mechanism for ER isoform specific recurrence. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2006 Dec;13(4):1135-45. [Article]
  6. Gruvberger-Saal SK, Bendahl PO, Saal LH, Laakso M, Hegardt C, Eden P, Peterson C, Malmstrom P, Isola J, Borg A, Ferno M: Estrogen receptor beta expression is associated with tamoxifen response in ERalpha-negative breast carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2007 Apr 1;13(7):1987-94. [Article]
  7. Sasson S: Equilibrium binding analysis of estrogen agonists and antagonists: relation to the activation of the estrogen receptor. Pathol Biol (Paris). 1991 Jan;39(1):59-69. [Article]
  8. Hayes DF, Skaar TC, Rae JM, Henry NL, Nguyen AT, Stearns V, Li L, Philips S, Desta Z, Flockhart DA: Estrogen receptor genotypes, menopausal status, and the effects of tamoxifen on lipid levels: revised and updated results. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Nov;88(5):626-9. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2010.143. Epub 2010 Sep 8. [Article]
Details 3.Protein kinase C (Protein Group)
Kind
Protein group
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function
Calcium-activated, phospholipid- and diacylglycerol (DAG)-dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase that is involved in positive and negative regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, differenti...
Components:
Name UniProt ID
Protein kinase C alpha type P17252
Protein kinase C beta type P05771
Protein kinase C delta type Q05655
Protein kinase C epsilon type Q02156
Protein kinase C gamma type P05129
Protein kinase C iota type P41743
Protein kinase C theta type Q04759
Protein kinase C zeta type Q05513
References
  1. O'Brian CA, Liskamp RM, Solomon DH, Weinstein IB: Inhibition of protein kinase C by tamoxifen. Cancer Res. 1985 Jun;45(6):2462-5. [Article]
  2. Radin DP, Patel P: Delineating the molecular mechanisms of tamoxifen's oncolytic actions in estrogen receptor-negative cancers. Eur J Pharmacol. 2016 Jun 15;781:173-80. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.04.017. Epub 2016 Apr 12. [Article]
Details 4.Sex hormone-binding globulin
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Inducer
General Function
Androgen binding
Specific Function
Functions as an androgen transport protein, but may also be involved in receptor mediated processes. Each dimer binds one molecule of steroid. Specific for 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone, testosterone...
Gene Name
SHBG
Uniprot ID
P04278
Uniprot Name
Sex hormone-binding globulin
分子量
43778.755 Da
References
  1. Hong H, Branham WS, Ng HW, Moland CL, Dial SL, Fang H, Perkins R, Sheehan D, Tong W: Human sex hormone-binding globulin binding affinities of 125 structurally diverse chemicals and comparison with their binding to androgen receptor, estrogen receptor, and alpha-fetoprotein. Toxicol Sci. 2015 Feb;143(2):333-48. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu231. Epub 2014 Oct 27. [Article]
  2. Radin DP, Patel P: Delineating the molecular mechanisms of tamoxifen's oncolytic actions in estrogen receptor-negative cancers. Eur J Pharmacol. 2016 Jun 15;781:173-80. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.04.017. Epub 2016 Apr 12. [Article]
Details 5.3-beta-hydroxysteroid-Delta(8),Delta(7)-isomerase
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Transmembrane signaling receptor activity
Specific Function
Catalyzes the conversion of Delta(8)-sterols to their corresponding Delta(7)-isomers.
Gene Name
EBP
Uniprot ID
Q15125
Uniprot Name
3-beta-hydroxysteroid-Delta(8),Delta(7)-isomerase
分子量
26352.615 Da
References
  1. Paul R, Silve S, De Nys N, Dupuy PH, Bouteiller CL, Rosenfeld J, Ferrara P, Le Fur G, Casellas P, Loison G: Both the immunosuppressant SR31747 and the antiestrogen tamoxifen bind to an emopamil-insensitive site of mammalian Delta8-Delta7 sterol isomerase. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1998 Jun;285(3):1296-302. [Article]
Details 6.Androgen receptor
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function
Steroid hormone receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Transcription ...
Gene Name
AR
Uniprot ID
P10275
Uniprot Name
Androgen receptor
分子量
98987.9 Da
References
  1. Yamasaki K, Sawaki M, Noda S, Muroi T, Takakura S, Mitoma H, Sakamoto S, Nakai M, Yakabe Y: Comparison of the Hershberger assay and androgen receptor binding assay of twelve chemicals. Toxicology. 2004 Feb 15;195(2-3):177-86. [Article]
Details 7.Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarization
Specific Function
Pore-forming (alpha) subunit of voltage-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channel. Channel properties are modulated by cAMP and subunit assembly. Mediates the rapidly activating component of the ...
Gene Name
KCNH2
Uniprot ID
Q12809
Uniprot Name
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2
分子量
126653.52 Da
References
  1. Chiu PJ, Marcoe KF, Bounds SE, Lin CH, Feng JJ, Lin A, Cheng FC, Crumb WJ, Mitchell R: Validation of a [3H]astemizole binding assay in HEK293 cells expressing HERG K+ channels. J Pharmacol Sci. 2004 Jul;95(3):311-9. [Article]
Details 8.Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function
Nuclear receptor that binds and is activated by variety of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds. Transcription factor that activates the transcription of multiple genes involved in the metabolism an...
Gene Name
NR1I2
Uniprot ID
O75469
Uniprot Name
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2
分子量
49761.245 Da
References
  1. Kretschmer XC, Baldwin WS: CAR and PXR: xenosensors of endocrine disrupters? Chem Biol Interact. 2005 Aug 15;155(3):111-28. [Article]
  2. Harmsen S, Meijerman I, Beijnen JH, Schellens JH: Nuclear receptor mediated induction of cytochrome P450 3A4 by anticancer drugs: a key role for the pregnane X receptor. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2009 Jun;64(1):35-43. doi: 10.1007/s00280-008-0842-3. Epub 2008 Oct 7. [Article]
Details 9.Estrogen-related receptor gamma
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function
Orphan receptor that acts as transcription activator in the absence of bound ligand. Binds specifically to an estrogen response element and activates reporter genes controlled by estrogen response ...
Gene Name
ESRRG
Uniprot ID
P62508
Uniprot Name
Estrogen-related receptor gamma
分子量
51305.485 Da
References
  1. Gowda K, Marks BD, Zielinski TK, Ozers MS: Development of a coactivator displacement assay for the orphan receptor estrogen-related receptor-gamma using time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Anal Biochem. 2006 Oct 1;357(1):105-15. Epub 2006 Jul 10. [Article]
Details 10.Mitogen-activated protein kinase 8
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Modulator
General Function
Protein serine/threonine kinase activity
Specific Function
Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in various processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, transformation and programmed cell death. Extracellular stimuli such as proinfl...
Gene Name
MAPK8
Uniprot ID
P45983
Uniprot Name
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 8
分子量
48295.14 Da
References
  1. Radin DP, Patel P: Delineating the molecular mechanisms of tamoxifen's oncolytic actions in estrogen receptor-negative cancers. Eur J Pharmacol. 2016 Jun 15;781:173-80. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.04.017. Epub 2016 Apr 12. [Article]

Enzymes

Details 1.Cytochrome P450 2D6
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
Inhibitor
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic...
Gene Name
CYP2D6
Uniprot ID
P10635
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2D6
分子量
55768.94 Da
References
  1. Higgins MJ, Stearns V: CYP2D6 polymorphisms and tamoxifen metabolism: clinical relevance. Curr Oncol Rep. 2010 Jan;12(1):7-15. doi: 10.1007/s11912-009-0076-5. [Article]
  2. 库德NM,胡椒J:在乳房CYP2D6测试cancer: ready for prime time? Oncology (Williston Park). 2009 Dec;23(14):1223-32. [Article]
  3. Goetz MP: Tamoxifen, endoxifen, and CYP2D6: the rules for evaluating a predictive factor. Oncology (Williston Park). 2009 Dec;23(14):1233-4, 1236. [Article]
  4. Desta Z, Ward BA, Soukhova NV, Flockhart DA: Comprehensive evaluation of tamoxifen sequential biotransformation by the human cytochrome P450 system in vitro: prominent roles for CYP3A and CYP2D6. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Sep;310(3):1062-75. Epub 2004 May 24. [Article]
  5. Crewe HK, Notley LM, Wunsch RM, Lennard MS, Gillam EM: Metabolism of tamoxifen by recombinant human cytochrome P450 enzymes: formation of the 4-hydroxy, 4'-hydroxy and N-desmethyl metabolites and isomerization of trans-4-hydroxytamoxifen. Drug Metab Dispos. 2002 Aug;30(8):869-74. [Article]
  6. Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]
Details 2.Cytochrome P450 3A4
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
Inhibitor
Inducer
General Function
Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
Gene Name
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID
P08684
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 3A4
分子量
57342.67 Da
References
  1. Desta Z, Ward BA, Soukhova NV, Flockhart DA: Comprehensive evaluation of tamoxifen sequential biotransformation by the human cytochrome P450 system in vitro: prominent roles for CYP3A and CYP2D6. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Sep;310(3):1062-75. Epub 2004 May 24. [Article]
  2. Williams JA, Ring BJ, Cantrell VE, Jones DR, Eckstein J, Ruterbories K, Hamman MA, Hall SD, Wrighton SA: Comparative metabolic capabilities of CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP3A7. Drug Metab Dispos. 2002 Aug;30(8):883-91. [Article]
  3. Zhao XJ, Jones DR, Wang YH, Grimm SW, Hall SD: Reversible and irreversible inhibition of CYP3A enzymes by tamoxifen and metabolites. Xenobiotica. 2002 Oct;32(10):863-78. doi: 10.1080/00498250210158230 . [Article]
  4. Zhou S, Yung Chan S, Cher Goh B, Chan E, Duan W, Huang M, McLeod HL: Mechanism-based inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 by therapeutic drugs. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2005;44(3):279-304. doi: 10.2165/00003088-200544030-00005. [Article]
  5. Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]
Details 3.Cytochrome P450 3A5
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Oxygen binding
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP3A5
Uniprot ID
P20815
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 3A5
分子量
57108.065 Da
References
  1. Zhao XJ, Jones DR, Wang YH, Grimm SW, Hall SD: Reversible and irreversible inhibition of CYP3A enzymes by tamoxifen and metabolites. Xenobiotica. 2002 Oct;32(10):863-78. doi: 10.1080/00498250210158230 . [Article]
  2. Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]
Details 4.Cytochrome P450 3A7
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Oxygen binding
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP3A7
Uniprot ID
P24462
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 3A7
分子量
57525.03 Da
References
  1. Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]
Details 5.Cytochrome P450 2C9
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
Inhibitor
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP2C9
Uniprot ID
P11712
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2C9
分子量
55627.365 Da
References
  1. Boruban MC, Yasar U, Babaoglu MO, Sencan O, Bozkurt A: Tamoxifen inhibits cytochrome P450 2C9 activity in breast cancer patients. J Chemother. 2006 Aug;18(4):421-4. doi: 10.1179/joc.2006.18.4.421. [Article]
  2. Saladores P, Murdter T, Eccles D, Chowbay B, Zgheib NK, Winter S, Ganchev B, Eccles B, Gerty S, Tfayli A, Lim JS, Yap YS, Ng RC, Wong NS, Dent R, Habbal MZ, Schaeffeler E, Eichelbaum M, Schroth W, Schwab M, Brauch H: Tamoxifen metabolism predicts drug concentrations and outcome in premenopausal patients with early breast cancer. Pharmacogenomics J. 2015 Feb;15(1):84-94. doi: 10.1038/tpj.2014.34. Epub 2014 Aug 5. [Article]
  3. Tamoxifen FDA label [File]
Details 6.Cytochrome P450 2C19
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and im...
Gene Name
CYP2C19
Uniprot ID
P33261
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2C19
分子量
55930.545 Da
References
  1. Desta Z, Ward BA, Soukhova NV, Flockhart DA: Comprehensive evaluation of tamoxifen sequential biotransformation by the human cytochrome P450 system in vitro: prominent roles for CYP3A and CYP2D6. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Sep;310(3):1062-75. Epub 2004 May 24. [Article]
  2. Crewe HK, Notley LM, Wunsch RM, Lennard MS, Gillam EM: Metabolism of tamoxifen by recombinant human cytochrome P450 enzymes: formation of the 4-hydroxy, 4'-hydroxy and N-desmethyl metabolites and isomerization of trans-4-hydroxytamoxifen. Drug Metab Dispos. 2002 Aug;30(8):869-74. [Article]
Details 7.Cytochrome P450 2B6
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
Inhibitor
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP2B6
Uniprot ID
P20813
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2B6
分子量
56277.81 Da
References
  1. Desta Z, Ward BA, Soukhova NV, Flockhart DA: Comprehensive evaluation of tamoxifen sequential biotransformation by the human cytochrome P450 system in vitro: prominent roles for CYP3A and CYP2D6. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Sep;310(3):1062-75. Epub 2004 May 24. [Article]
  2. Crewe HK, Notley LM, Wunsch RM, Lennard MS, Gillam EM: Metabolism of tamoxifen by recombinant human cytochrome P450 enzymes: formation of the 4-hydroxy, 4'-hydroxy and N-desmethyl metabolites and isomerization of trans-4-hydroxytamoxifen. Drug Metab Dispos. 2002 Aug;30(8):869-74. [Article]
  3. Hedrich WD, Hassan HE, Wang H: Insights into CYP2B6-mediated drug-drug interactions. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2016 Sep;6(5):413-425. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2016.07.016. Epub 2016 Aug 9. [Article]
  4. Walsky RL, Astuccio AV, Obach RS: Evaluation of 227 drugs for in vitro inhibition of cytochrome P450 2B6. J Clin Pharmacol. 2006 Dec;46(12):1426-38. [Article]
Details 8.Cytochrome P450 1A1
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Vitamin d 24-hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP1A1
Uniprot ID
P04798
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 1A1
分子量
58164.815 Da
References
  1. Crewe HK, Notley LM, Wunsch RM, Lennard MS, Gillam EM: Metabolism of tamoxifen by recombinant human cytochrome P450 enzymes: formation of the 4-hydroxy, 4'-hydroxy and N-desmethyl metabolites and isomerization of trans-4-hydroxytamoxifen. Drug Metab Dispos. 2002 Aug;30(8):869-74. [Article]
Details 9.Cytochrome P450 1B1
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
Inhibitor
General Function
Oxygen binding
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP1B1
Uniprot ID
Q16678
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 1B1
分子量
60845.33 Da
References
  1. Crewe HK, Notley LM, Wunsch RM, Lennard MS, Gillam EM: Metabolism of tamoxifen by recombinant human cytochrome P450 enzymes: formation of the 4-hydroxy, 4'-hydroxy and N-desmethyl metabolites and isomerization of trans-4-hydroxytamoxifen. Drug Metab Dispos. 2002 Aug;30(8):869-74. [Article]
  2. Zhao XJ, Jones DR, Wang YH, Grimm SW, Hall SD: Reversible and irreversible inhibition of CYP3A enzymes by tamoxifen and metabolites. Xenobiotica. 2002 Oct;32(10):863-78. doi: 10.1080/00498250210158230 . [Article]
Details 10.Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 1
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Nadp binding
Specific Function
This protein is involved in the oxidative metabolism of a variety of xenobiotics such as drugs and pesticides. Form I catalyzes the N-oxygenation of secondary and tertiary amines.
Gene Name
FMO1
Uniprot ID
Q01740
Uniprot Name
Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 1
分子量
60310.285 Da
References
  1. 克鲁格SK,范戴克的我,威廉姆斯·德·海因斯RN:role of flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) in the metabolism of tamoxifen and other tertiary amines. Drug Metab Rev. 2006;38(1-2):139-47. [Article]
Details 11.Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 3
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Trimethylamine monooxygenase activity
Specific Function
Involved in the oxidative metabolism of a variety of xenobiotics such as drugs and pesticides. It N-oxygenates primary aliphatic alkylamines as well as secondary and tertiary amines. Plays an impor...
Gene Name
FMO3
Uniprot ID
P31513
Uniprot Name
Dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 3
分子量
60032.975 Da
References
  1. 克鲁格SK,范戴克的我,威廉姆斯·德·海因斯RN:role of flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) in the metabolism of tamoxifen and other tertiary amines. Drug Metab Rev. 2006;38(1-2):139-47. [Article]
Details 12.Cytochrome P450 2C8
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP2C8
Uniprot ID
P10632
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2C8
分子量
55824.275 Da
References
  1. Walsky RL, Gaman EA, Obach RS: Examination of 209 drugs for inhibition of cytochrome P450 2C8. J Clin Pharmacol. 2005 Jan;45(1):68-78. [Article]
  2. Jernstrom H, Bageman E, Rose C, Jonsson PE, Ingvar C: CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 polymorphisms in relation to tumour characteristics and early breast cancer related events among 652 breast cancer patients. Br J Cancer. 2009 Dec 1;101(11):1817-23. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605428. [Article]
Details 13.Liver carboxylesterase 1
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Triglyceride lipase activity
Specific Function
Involved in the detoxification of xenobiotics and in the activation of ester and amide prodrugs. Hydrolyzes aromatic and aliphatic esters, but has no catalytic activity toward amides or a fatty acy...
Gene Name
CES1
Uniprot ID
P23141
Uniprot Name
Liver carboxylesterase 1
分子量
62520.62 Da
References
  1. Fleming CD, Bencharit S, Edwards CC, Hyatt JL, Tsurkan L, Bai F, Fraga C, Morton CL, Howard-Williams EL, Potter PM, Redinbo MR: Structural insights into drug processing by human carboxylesterase 1: tamoxifen, mevastatin, and inhibition by benzil. J Mol Biol. 2005 Sep 9;352(1):165-77. [Article]
Details 14.Cytochrome P450 19A1
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Oxygen binding
Specific Function
Catalyzes the formation of aromatic C18 estrogens from C19 androgens.
Gene Name
CYP19A1
Uniprot ID
P11511
Uniprot Name
Aromatase
分子量
57882.48 Da
References
  1. Fiorelli G, Picariello L, Martineti V, Tonelli F, Brandi ML: Estrogen synthesis in human colon cancer epithelial cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1999 Dec 31;71(5-6):223-30. [Article]
Details 15.Cytochrome P450 2A6
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
展品高香豆素7-hydroxylase活动。Can act in the hydroxylation of the anti-cancer drugs cyclophosphamide and ifosphamide. Competent in the metabolic activation of aflatoxin B1. Const...
Gene Name
CYP2A6
Uniprot ID
P11509
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2A6
分子量
56501.005 Da
References
  1. Rendic S: Summary of information on human CYP enzymes: human P450 metabolism data. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):83-448. [Article]
Details 16.Cytochrome P450 2E1
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
代谢塞弗ral precarcinogens, drugs, and solvents to reactive metabolites. Inactivates a number of drugs and xenobiotics and also bioactivates many xenobiotic substrates to their hepatotoxic ...
Gene Name
CYP2E1
Uniprot ID
P05181
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2E1
分子量
56848.42 Da
References
  1. Styles JA, Davies A, Lim CK, De Matteis F, Stanley LA, White IN, Yuan ZX, Smith LL: Genotoxicity of tamoxifen, tamoxifen epoxide and toremifene in human lymphoblastoid cells containing human cytochrome P450s. Carcinogenesis. 1994 Jan;15(1):5-9. doi: 10.1093/carcin/15.1.5. [Article]
Details 17.UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-10
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Protein kinase c binding
Specific Function
UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. Isoform 2 lacks transferase activity but acts as a negative reg...
Gene Name
UGT1A10
Uniprot ID
Q9HAW8
Uniprot Name
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-10
分子量
59809.075 Da
References
  1. Sun D, Sharma AK, Dellinger RW, Blevins-Primeau AS, Balliet RM, Chen G, Boyiri T, Amin S, Lazarus P: Glucuronidation of active tamoxifen metabolites by the human UDP glucuronosyltransferases. Drug Metab Dispos. 2007 Nov;35(11):2006-14. Epub 2007 Jul 30. [Article]
Details 18.Sulfotransferase 1A1
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Sulfotransferase activity
Specific Function
Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) as sulfonate donor to catalyze the sulfate conjugation of catecholamines, phenolic drugs and neurotransmitters. Has also estroge...
Gene Name
SULT1A1
Uniprot ID
P50225
Uniprot Name
Sulfotransferase 1A1
分子量
34165.13 Da
References
  1. Wegman P, Elingarami S, Carstensen J, Stal O, Nordenskjold B, Wingren S: Genetic variants of CYP3A5, CYP2D6, SULT1A1, UGT2B15 and tamoxifen response in postmenopausal patients with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. 2007;9(1):R7. [Article]
Details 19.Bile salt sulfotransferase
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Sulfotransferase activity
Specific Function
Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) as sulfonate donor to catalyze the sulfonation of steroids and bile acids in the liver and adrenal glands.
Gene Name
SULT2A1
Uniprot ID
Q06520
Uniprot Name
Bile salt sulfotransferase
分子量
33779.57 Da
References
  1. Squirewell EJ, Qin X, Duffel MW: Endoxifen and other metabolites of tamoxifen inhibit human hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase 2A1 (hSULT2A1). Drug Metab Dispos. 2014 Nov;42(11):1843-50. doi: 10.1124/dmd.114.059709. Epub 2014 Aug 25. [Article]
  2. White IN: The tamoxifen dilemma. Carcinogenesis. 1999 Jul;20(7):1153-60. doi: 10.1093/carcin/20.7.1153. [Article]
Details 20.Cytochrome P450 1A2
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP1A2
Uniprot ID
P05177
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 1A2
分子量
58293.76 Da
References
  1. Crewe HK, Notley LM, Wunsch RM, Lennard MS, Gillam EM: Metabolism of tamoxifen by recombinant human cytochrome P450 enzymes: formation of the 4-hydroxy, 4'-hydroxy and N-desmethyl metabolites and isomerization of trans-4-hydroxytamoxifen. Drug Metab Dispos. 2002 Aug;30(8):869-74. [Article]
  2. Squirewell EJ, Qin X, Duffel MW: Endoxifen and other metabolites of tamoxifen inhibit human hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase 2A1 (hSULT2A1). Drug Metab Dispos. 2014 Nov;42(11):1843-50. doi: 10.1124/dmd.114.059709. Epub 2014 Aug 25. [Article]
  3. Cronin-Fenton DP, Damkier P, Lash TL: Metabolism and transport of tamoxifen in relation to its effectiveness: new perspectives on an ongoing controversy. Future Oncol. 2014 Jan;10(1):107-22. doi: 10.2217/fon.13.168. [Article]
  4. White IN: The tamoxifen dilemma. Carcinogenesis. 1999 Jul;20(7):1153-60. doi: 10.1093/carcin/20.7.1153. [Article]
Details 21.UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Glucuronosyltransferase activity
Specific Function
UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds.Its unique specificity for 3,4-catechol estrogens and estriol su...
Gene Name
UGT2B7
Uniprot ID
P16662
Uniprot Name
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B7
分子量
60694.12 Da
References
  1. Cronin-Fenton DP, Damkier P, Lash TL: Metabolism and transport of tamoxifen in relation to its effectiveness: new perspectives on an ongoing controversy. Future Oncol. 2014 Jan;10(1):107-22. doi: 10.2217/fon.13.168. [Article]
Details 22.UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B17
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Glucuronosyltransferase activity
Specific Function
UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. The major substrates of this isozyme are eugenol > 4-methylumbe...
Gene Name
UGT2B17
Uniprot ID
O75795
Uniprot Name
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B17
分子量
61094.915 Da
References
  1. Cronin-Fenton DP, Damkier P, Lash TL: Metabolism and transport of tamoxifen in relation to its effectiveness: new perspectives on an ongoing controversy. Future Oncol. 2014 Jan;10(1):107-22. doi: 10.2217/fon.13.168. [Article]
Details 23.雌激素sulfotransferase
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Sulfotransferase activity
Specific Function
Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) as sulfonate donor to catalyze the sulfate conjugation of estradiol and estrone. May play a role in the regulation of estrogen r...
Gene Name
SULT1E1
Uniprot ID
P49888
Uniprot Name
雌激素sulfotransferase
分子量
35126.185 Da
References
  1. Cronin-Fenton DP, Damkier P, Lash TL: Metabolism and transport of tamoxifen in relation to its effectiveness: new perspectives on an ongoing controversy. Future Oncol. 2014 Jan;10(1):107-22. doi: 10.2217/fon.13.168. [Article]

Carriers

Details 1.Serum albumin
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Toxic substance binding
Specific Function
Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloid...
Gene Name
ALB
Uniprot ID
P02768
Uniprot Name
Serum albumin
分子量
69365.94 Da
References
  1. Lien EA, Solheim E, Lea OA, Lundgren S, Kvinnsland S, Ueland PM: Distribution of 4-hydroxy-N-desmethyltamoxifen and other tamoxifen metabolites in human biological fluids during tamoxifen treatment. Cancer Res. 1989 Apr 15;49(8):2175-83. [Article]
Details 2.Thyroxine-binding globulin
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Inducer
General Function
Serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity
Specific Function
Major thyroid hormone transport protein in serum.
Gene Name
SERPINA7
Uniprot ID
P05543
Uniprot Name
Thyroxine-binding globulin
分子量
46324.12 Da
References
  1. CYTOMEL (liothyronine) FDA label [File]

Transporters

Details 1.P-glycoprotein 1
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
Inhibitor
Inducer
Curator comments
Induces MDR1 expression but inhibits transporter action.
General Function
Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
Specific Function
Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells.
Gene Name
ABCB1
Uniprot ID
P08183
Uniprot Name
Multidrug resistance protein 1
分子量
141477.255 Da
References
  1. Riley J, Styles J, Verschoyle RD, Stanley LA, White IN, Gant TW: Association of tamoxifen biliary excretion rate with prior tamoxifen exposure and increased mdr1b expression. Biochem Pharmacol. 2000 Jul 15;60(2):233-9. [Article]
  2. Bekaii-Saab TS, Perloff MD, Weemhoff JL, Greenblatt DJ, von Moltke LL: Interactions of tamoxifen, N-desmethyltamoxifen and 4-hydroxytamoxifen with P-glycoprotein and CYP3A. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2004 Oct;25(7):283-9. [Article]
Details 2.ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
Specific Function
高容量尿酸盐出口国r功能enal and extrarenal urate excretion. Plays a role in porphyrin homeostasis as it is able to mediates the export of protoporhyrin IX (PPIX) both fro...
Gene Name
ABCG2
Uniprot ID
Q9UNQ0
Uniprot Name
ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2
分子量
72313.47 Da
References
  1. Janvilisri T, Venter H, Shahi S, Reuter G, Balakrishnan L, van Veen HW: Sterol transport by the human breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) expressed in Lactococcus lactis. J Biol Chem. 2003 Jun 6;278(23):20645-51. Epub 2003 Mar 28. [Article]
Details 3.Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Mediates hepatobiliary excretion of numerous organic anions. May function as a cellular cisplatin transporter.
Gene Name
ABCC2
Uniprot ID
Q92887
Uniprot Name
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1
分子量
174205.64 Da
References
  1. Kiyotani K, Mushiroda T, Imamura CK, Hosono N, Tsunoda T, Kubo M, Tanigawara Y, Flockhart DA, Desta Z, Skaar TC, Aki F, Hirata K, Takatsuka Y, Okazaki M, Ohsumi S, Yamakawa T, Sasa M, Nakamura Y, Zembutsu H: Significant effect of polymorphisms in CYP2D6 and ABCC2 on clinical outcomes of adjuvant tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer patients. J Clin Oncol. 2010 Mar 10;28(8):1287-93. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2009.25.7246. Epub 2010 Feb 1. [Article]
Details 4.Bile salt export pump
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Transporter activity
Specific Function
Involved in the ATP-dependent secretion of bile salts into the canaliculus of hepatocytes.
Gene Name
ABCB11
Uniprot ID
O95342
Uniprot Name
Bile salt export pump
分子量
146405.83 Da
References
  1. Wilson A. (2016). New horizons in predictive drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. The Royal Society of Chemistry. [ISBN:978-1-84973-828-6]
Details 5.ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 1
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Syntaxin binding
Specific Function
cAMP-dependent and sulfonylurea-sensitive anion transporter. Key gatekeeper influencing intracellular cholesterol transport.
Gene Name
ABCA1
Uniprot ID
O95477
Uniprot Name
ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 1
分子量
254299.89 Da
References
  1. Klein DJ, Thorn CF, Desta Z, Flockhart DA, Altman RB, Klein TE: PharmGKB summary: tamoxifen pathway, pharmacokinetics. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2013 Nov;23(11):643-7. doi: 10.1097/FPC.0b013e3283656bc1. [Article]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at April 26, 2023 07:53