NAV

Propranolol

Identification

Summary

Propranolol是一种非选择性β肾上腺素拮抗剂使用to treat hypertension, angina, atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, migraine, essential tremor, hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, and pheochromocytoma.

Brand Names
Hemangeol, Hemangiol, Inderal, Innopran
Generic Name
Propranolol
DrugBank Accession Number
DB00571
Background

Propranolol is a racemic mixture of 2 enantiomers where the S(-)-enantiomer has approximately 100 times the binding affinity for beta adrenergic receptors.9Propranolol is used to treat a number of conditions but most commonly is used for hypertension.8,9,10

Propranolol was granted FDA approval on 13 November 1967.9

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved, Investigational
Structure
 3D
Similar Structures
Weight
Average: 259.3434
Monoisotopic: 259.157228921
Chemical Formula
C16H21NO2
Synonyms
  • 1-((1-Methylethyl)amino)-3-(1-naphthalenyloxy)-2-propanol
  • 1-(isopropylamino)-3-(1-naphthyloxy)propan-2-ol
  • beta-Propranolol
  • Propanalol
  • Propanolol
  • Propranolol
  • Propranololo
  • Propranololum
  • β-Propranolol
External IDs
  • AY 20694
  • AY-20694

Pharmacology

Indication

Propranolol is indicated to treat hypertension.10,9Propranolol is also indicated to treat angina pectoris due to coronary atherosclerosis, atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, migraine, essential tremor, hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, pheochromocytoma, and proliferating infantile hemangioma.9,10

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Associated Conditions
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Propranolol is a beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist used to treat hypertension9,10. Propranolol has a long duration of action as it is given once or twice daily depending on the indication.8,9,10When patients abruptly stop taking propranolol, they may experience exacerbations of angina and myocardial infarctions.10

Mechanism of action

Propranolol is a nonselective β-adrenergic receptor antagonist.2Blocking of these receptors leads to vasoconstriction, inhibition of angiogenic factors like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic growth factor of fibroblasts (bFGF), induction of apoptosis of endothelial cells, as well as down regulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.2

Target Actions Organism
ABeta-1 adrenergic receptor
antagonist
 Humans
UBeta-2 adrenergic receptor
antagonist
 Humans
UBeta-3 adrenergic receptor
antagonist
 Humans
U5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A
other/unknown
 Humans
U5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B
other/unknown
 Humans
Absorption

Patients taking doses of 40mg, 80mg, 160mg, and 320mg daily experienced Cmaxvalues of 18±15ng/mL, 52±51ng/mL, 121±98ng/mL, and 245±110ng/mL respectively.4Propranolol has a Tmaxof approximately 2 hours, though this can range from 1 to 4 hours in fasting patients.5Taking propranolol with food does not increase Tmaxbut does increase bioavailability.5

Volume of distribution

的volume of distribution of propranolol is approximately 4L/kg8,9or 320L.4

Protein binding

Approximately 90% of propranolol is protein bound in plasma.8,9,10Other studies have reported ranges of 85-96%.5

Metabolism

Propranolol undergoes side chain oxidation to α-naphthoxylactic acid, ring oxidation to 4’-hydroxypropranolol, or glucuronidation to propranolol glucuronide.7It can also be N-desisopropylated to become N-desisopropyl propranolol.117% of a dose undergoes glucuronidation and 42% undergoes ring oxidation.6

Hover over products below to view reaction partners

Route of elimination

91% of an oral dose of propranolol is recovered as 12 metabolites in the urine.6

Half-life

的elimination half life of propranolol is approximately 8 hours.10的plasma half life of propranolol is 3 to 6 hours.8,9

Clearance

的clearance of propranolol is 2.7±0.03L/h/kg in infants <90 days and 3.3±0.35L/h/kg in infants >90 days.8普萘洛尔与hepa间隙线性增加tic blood flow.3Propanolol has a clearance in hypertensive adults of 810mL/min.4

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Symptoms of overdose include hypotension, hypoglycemic seizure, restlessness, euphoria, insomnia.8Patients with asthma may develop bronchospasm.8In case of overdose, monitor vital signs, mental status, and blood glucose.8Treat hypotension with intravenous fluids, bradycardia with atropine, and isoproterenol and aminophylline for bronchospasm.8If patients do not respond to intravenous fluids, follow up with glucagon 50-150µg/kg intravenously, then 1-5mg/hour, followed by catecholamines.8,9,10Dialysis will not be useful as propranolol is highly protein bound.8,9,10

Pathways
Pathway Category
Propranolol Action Pathway Drug action
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRsBrowse all" title="" id="snp-actions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Not Available

Interactions

Drug InteractionsLearn More" title="" id="structured-interactions-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction
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interactions in your software
Abacavir Propranolol may decrease the excretion rate of Abacavir which could result in a higher serum level.
Abametapir 的serum concentration of Propranolol can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir.
Abatacept 的metabolism of Propranolol can be increased when combined with Abatacept.
Abiraterone 的serum concentration of Propranolol can be increased when it is combined with Abiraterone.
Abrocitinib 的metabolism of Abrocitinib can be decreased when combined with Propranolol.
Acalabrutinib 的metabolism of Propranolol can be decreased when combined with Acalabrutinib.
Acarbose 的therapeutic efficacy of Acarbose can be increased when used in combination with Propranolol.
Acebutolol Propranolol may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Acebutolol.
Aceclofenac Aceclofenac may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Propranolol.
Acemetacin Acemetacin may decrease the antihypertensive activities of Propranolol.
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食物相互作用
  • Avoid alcohol. Alcohol increases propranolol plasma concentrations.
  • Avoid natural licorice. Natural licorice inhibits the metabolism of propranolol, increasing drug exposure.
  • Take with food.

Products

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Product Ingredients
Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key
Propranolol hydrochloride F8A3652H1V 318-98-9 ZMRUPTIKESYGQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Product Images
International/Other Brands
Angilol/Bedranol SR/Cardinol/Ciplar/Deralin/Dociton/Duranol/Indobloc/INNOPRAN/Prophylux/Sumial
Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image
Detensol Tab 10mg Tablet 10 mg Oral Desbergers LtÉe, Division Of Technilab Inc. 1980-12-31 1999-09-17 Canada flag
Detensol Tab 120mg Tablet 120 mg Oral Desbergers LtÉe, Division Of Technilab Inc. 1981-12-31 1999-09-17 Canada flag
Detensol Tab 40mg Tablet 40 mg Oral Desbergers LtÉe, Division Of Technilab Inc. 1980-12-31 1999-09-17 Canada flag
Detensol Tab 80mg Tablet 80 mg Oral Desbergers LtÉe, Division Of Technilab Inc. 1980-12-31 1999-09-17 Canada flag
Hemangeol Solution 4.28 mg/1mL Oral Pierre Fabre Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2014-04-14 Not applicable US flag
Hemangiol Solution 3.75 mg / mL Oral Pierre Fabre Dermo Cosmetique Usa, Inc. 2017-03-23 Not applicable Canada flag
Hemangiol Solution 3.75 mg/ml Oral Pierre Fabre Dermatologie 2020-12-22 Not applicable EU flag
Inderal Tablet 80 mg/1 Oral Wyeth Pharmaceuticals Inc., a subsidiary of Pfizer Inc. 1967-12-01 2008-10-31 US flag
Inderal Tablet 20 mg/1 Oral Wyeth Pharmaceuticals Inc., a subsidiary of Pfizer Inc. 1967-12-01 2008-10-31 US flag
Inderal Tablet 60 mg/1 Oral Wyeth Pharmaceuticals Inc., a subsidiary of Pfizer Inc. 1967-12-01 2008-10-31 US flag
Generic Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image
Apo-propranolol Tablet 20 mg Oral Apotex Corporation 1986-12-31 Not applicable Canada flag
Apo-propranolol Tablet 10 mg Oral Apotex Corporation 1980-12-31 Not applicable Canada flag
Apo-propranolol Tablet 80 mg Oral Apotex Corporation 1980-12-31 Not applicable Canada flag
Apo-propranolol Tablet 120 mg Oral Apotex Corporation 1981-12-31 Not applicable Canada flag
Apo-propranolol Tablet 40 mg Oral Apotex Corporation 1980-12-31 Not applicable Canada flag
Dom-propranolol Tablets Tablet 40 mg Oral Dominion Pharmacal 1996-12-31 2016-10-25 Canada flag
Dom-propranolol Tablets Tablet 10 mg Oral Dominion Pharmacal 1996-12-31 2016-10-25 Canada flag
Dom-propranolol Tablets - 80mg Tablet 80 mg Oral Dominion Pharmacal 1996-12-31 2016-10-25 Canada flag
Lupin-propranolol LA Capsule, extended release 80 mg Oral Lupin Pharma Not applicable Not applicable Canada flag
Lupin-propranolol LA Capsule, extended release 160 mg Oral Lupin Pharma Not applicable Not applicable Canada flag
Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image
DOCITEREN Propranolol hydrochloride(80 mg/1)+Hydrochlorothiazide(12.5 mg/1)+氨苯蝶啶(25 mg/1) Tablet 2006-07-01 Not applicable Germany flag
Inderide Propranolol hydrochloride(40 mg/1)+Hydrochlorothiazide(25 mg/1) Tablet Oral Wyeth Pharmaceuticals Inc. 1979-07-01 2008-09-30 US flag
Inderide Propranolol hydrochloride(80 mg/1)+Hydrochlorothiazide(25 mg/1) Tablet Oral Wyeth Pharmaceuticals Inc. 1979-07-01 2008-09-30 US flag
Inderide-40 Tab Propranolol hydrochloride(40 mg)+Hydrochlorothiazide(25 mg) Tablet Oral Wyeth Ayerst Canada Inc. 1993-12-31 2001-06-05 Canada flag
Inderide-80 Tab Propranolol hydrochloride(80 mg)+Hydrochlorothiazide(25 mg) Tablet Oral Wyeth Ayerst Canada Inc. 1993-12-31 2001-05-22 Canada flag
PROPRA COMP RATIOPHARM Propranolol(80 mg)+Hydrochlorothiazide(12.5 mg)+氨苯蝶啶(25 mg) Tablet, film coated Oral 2006-07-01 Not applicable Germany flag
Propranolol Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide Propranolol hydrochloride(80 mg/1)+Hydrochlorothiazide(25 mg/1) Tablet Oral Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc. 1987-04-01 Not applicable US flag
Propranolol Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide Propranolol hydrochloride(40 mg/1)+Hydrochlorothiazide(25 mg/1) Tablet Oral Actavis Pharma Company 1990-09-30 2008-09-30 US flag
Propranolol Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide Propranolol hydrochloride(40 mg/1)+Hydrochlorothiazide(25 mg/1) Tablet Oral Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc. 1987-03-04 Not applicable US flag
Propranolol Hydrochloride and Hydrochlorothiazide Propranolol hydrochloride(80 mg/1)+Hydrochlorothiazide(25 mg/1) Tablet Oral Actavis Pharma Company 1990-09-30 2004-09-30 US flag
Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image
Propranolol Scopolamine Propranolol hydrochloride(40 mg/40.5mg)+Scopolamine(.5 mg/40.5mg) Tablet Oral TPS 2014-10-01 Not applicable US flag
Propranolol Scopolamine Propranolol hydrochloride(20 mg/20.25mg)+Scopolamine(.25 mg/20.25mg) Tablet Oral TPS 2014-10-01 Not applicable US flag

Categories

ATC Codes
C07FX01 — Propranolol and other combinations C07AA05 — Propranolol C07BA05 — Propranolol and thiazides
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided byClassyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as naphthalenes. These are compounds containing a naphthalene moiety, which consists of two fused benzene rings.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Benzenoids
Class
Naphthalenes
Sub Class
Not Available
Direct Parent
Naphthalenes
Alternative Parents
Alkyl aryl ethers/Secondary alcohols/1,2-aminoalcohols/Dialkylamines/Organopnictogen compounds/Hydrocarbon derivatives
Substituents
1,2-aminoalcohol/Alcohol/Alkyl aryl ether/Amine/Aromatic homopolycyclic compound/Ether/Hydrocarbon derivative/Naphthalene/Organic nitrogen compound/Organic oxygen compound
Molecular Framework
Aromatic homopolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
secondary amine, propanolamine, naphthalenes (CHEBI:8499)
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
9Y8NXQ24VQ
CAS number
525-66-6
InChI Key
AQHHHDLHHXJYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C16H21NO2/c1-12(2)17-10-14(18)11-19-16-9-5-7-13-6-3-4-8-15(13)16/h3-9,12,14,17-18H,10-11H2,1-2H3
IUPAC Name
1-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)-3-[(propan-2-yl)amino]propan-2-ol
SMILES
CC(C)NCC(O)COC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CC=C2

References

Synthesis Reference
US3520919
一般参考ences
  1. Harrison PM, Tonkin AM, Cahill CM, McLean AJ: Rapid and simultaneous extraction of propranolol, its neutral and basic metabolites from plasma and assay by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr. 1985 Oct 11;343(2):349-58. [Article]
  2. Hagen R, Ghareeb E, Jalali O, Zinn Z: Infantile hemangiomas: what have we learned from propranolol? Curr Opin Pediatr. 2018 Aug;30(4):499-504. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000650. [Article]
  3. Weiss YA, Safar ME, Lehner JP, Levenson JA, Simon A, Alexandre JM: (+)-Propranolol clearance, an estimation of hepatic blood flow in man. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1978 May;5(5):457-60. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1978.tb01655.x. [Article]
  4. Chidsey CA, Morselli P, Bianchetti G, Morganti A, Leonetti G, Zanchetti A: Studies of the absorption and removal of propranolol in hypertensive patients during therapy. Circulation. 1975 Aug;52(2):313-8. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.52.2.313. [Article]
  5. Routledge PA, Shand DG: Clinical pharmacokinetics of propranolol. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1979 Mar-Apr;4(2):73-90. doi: 10.2165/00003088-197904020-00001. [Article]
  6. Walle T, Walle UK, Olanoff LS: Quantitative account of propranolol metabolism in urine of normal man. Drug Metab Dispos. 1985 Mar-Apr;13(2):204-9. [Article]
  7. Walle T, Walle K, Mathur RS, Palesch YY, Conradi EC: Propranolol metabolism in normal subjects: association with sex steroid hormones. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1994 Aug;56(2):127-32. [Article]
  8. FDA Approved Drug Products: HEMANGEOL (propranolol hydrochloride) oral solution [Link]
  9. FDA Approved Drug Products: Propranolol Oral Tablet [Link]
  10. FDA Approved Drug Products: INNOPRAN XL (propranolol hydrochloride) extended release capsules [Link]
  11. FDA Approved Drug Products: INDERIDE (propranolol hydrochloride and hydrochlorothiazide) tablets [Link]
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0001849
KEGG Drug
D08443
KEGG Compound
C07407
PubChem Compound
4946
PubChem Substance
46505387
ChemSpider
4777
BindingDB
25761
RxNav
8787
ChEBI
8499
ChEMBL
CHEMBL27
的rapeutic Targets Database
DAP000089
PharmGKB
PA451145
Guide to Pharmacology
GtP Drug Page
RxList
RxList Drug Page
Drugs.com
Drugs.com Drug Page
Wikipedia
Propranolol
FDA label
Download (256 KB)
MSDS
Download (74.7 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical TrialsLearn More" title="" id="clinical-trials-info" class="drug-info-popup" href="javascript:void(0);">
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count
4 Completed Not Available Anxiety Disorders/Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) 1
4 Completed Basic Science Cortisol/Inflammation/Stress, Psychological/Sympathetic Nervous System 1
4 Completed Basic Science Hyperthyroidism 1
4 Completed Basic Science Smoking, Cigarette 1
4 Completed Diagnostic Occupational; Cramp(s) 1
4 Completed Other Tremor/Tremor, Essential 1
4 Completed Prevention Ascites/Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE)/Portal Hypertension Gastropathy/Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP)/Varices, Esophageal 1
4 Completed Prevention Atherosclerosis/Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)/Cerebral Arteriosclerosis/Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)/Diabetes Mellitus/High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) 1
4 Completed Prevention Cirrhosis of the Liver/Varices, Esophageal 1
4 Completed Prevention Graves´ Disease 1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
  • Akrimax pharmaceuticals llc
  • Glaxosmithkline llc
  • Actavis elizabeth llc
  • Inwood laboratories inc sub forest laboratories inc
  • Mylan制药有限公司
  • Par pharmaceutical
  • Upsher smith laboratories inc
  • Roxane laboratories inc
  • App pharmaceuticals llc
  • Baxter healthcare corp anesthesia critical care
  • Bedford laboratories div ben venue laboratories inc
  • Hikma farmaceutica (portugal) sa
  • Sandoz canada inc
  • Smith and nephew solopak div smith and nephew
  • Solopak medical products inc
  • Morton grove pharmaceuticals inc
  • Wyeth ayerst laboratories
  • Clonmel healthcare ltd
  • Duramed pharmaceuticals inc sub barr laboratories inc
  • Interpharm inc
  • Ipca laboratories ltd
  • Ivax pharmaceuticals inc sub teva pharmaceuticals usa
  • Lederle laboratories div american cyanamid co
  • Mutual pharmaceutical co inc
  • Northstar healthcare holdings ltd
  • Par pharmaceutical inc
  • Pliva inc
  • Purepac pharmaceutical co
  • Sandoz inc
  • Schering corp sub schering plough corp
  • Superpharm corp
  • Teva pharmaceuticals usa inc
  • Vintage pharmaceuticals
  • Warner chilcott div warner lambert co
  • 华纳齐克特公司
  • Watson laboratories inc
Packagers
  • Actavis Group
  • Advanced Pharmaceutical Services Inc.
  • Akrimax Pharmaceuticals
  • Amerisource Health Services Corp.
  • Apotheca Inc.
  • APP Pharmaceuticals
  • A-S Medication Solutions LLC
  • Barr Pharmaceuticals
  • Baxter International Inc.
  • Bedford Labs
  • Ben Venue Laboratories Inc.
  • Bryant Ranch Prepack
  • Cardinal Health
  • Caremark LLC
  • Comprehensive Consultant Services Inc.
  • Dept Health Central Pharmacy
  • Direct Dispensing Inc.
  • Dispensing Solutions
  • Diversified Healthcare Services Inc.
  • Eurand Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • General Injectables and Vaccines Inc.
  • GlaxoSmithKline Inc.
  • Group Health Cooperative
  • H and H Laboratories
  • H.J. Harkins Co. Inc.
  • Heartland Repack Services LLC
  • Heritage Pharmaceuticals
  • Hikma Pharmaceuticals
  • Ipca Laboratories Ltd.
  • Ivax Pharmaceuticals
  • Kaiser Foundation Hospital
  • Lake Erie Medical and Surgical Supply
  • Liberty Pharmaceuticals
  • Major Pharmaceuticals
  • Medisca Inc.
  • Murfreesboro Pharmaceutical Nursing Supply
  • Mylan
  • Northstar Rx LLC
  • Nucare Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Palmetto Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Par Pharmaceuticals
  • PCA LLC
  • PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Pharmaceutical Utilization Management Program VA Inc.
  • Pharmacy Service Center
  • Pharmedix
  • Physicians Total Care Inc.
  • Piramal Healthcare
  • Pliva Inc.
  • Preferred Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Prepackage Specialists
  • Prepak Systems Inc.
  • Qualitest
  • Rebel Distributors Corp.
  • Remedy Repack
  • Resource Optimization and Innovation LLC
  • Rouses Point Pharmaceuticals LLC
  • Roxane Labs
  • Sandhills Packaging Inc.
  • Sandoz
  • Southwood Pharmaceuticals
  • Stat Rx Usa
  • Tya Pharmaceuticals
  • UDL Laboratories
  • United Research Laboratories Inc.
  • Upsher Smith Laboratories
  • Vangard Labs Inc.
  • Watson Pharmaceuticals
  • West-Ward Pharmaceuticals
  • Wyeth Pharmaceuticals
Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength
Tablet
Tablet, film coated Oral 10 mg/1
Tablet, film coated Oral 40 mg/1
Tablet, film coated Oral 80 mg/1
Solution Oral 4.28 mg/1mL
Solution Oral 3.75 mg / mL
Solution Oral 3.75 MG/ML
Injection, solution Intravenous 5 MG/5ML
Tablet, film coated Oral
Liquid Intravenous 1 mg / mL
Capsule, extended release Oral 120 mg
Capsule, extended release Oral 160 mg
Capsule, extended release Oral 60 mg
Capsule, extended release Oral 80 mg
Tablet Oral
Capsule, extended release Oral 120 mg/1
Capsule, extended release Oral 80 mg/1
Tablet Oral
Tablet Oral 80 mg
Tablet Oral 120 mg
Tablet Oral 100 MG
Tablet Oral 25 MG
Injection, solution Intravenous
Tablet, film coated Oral
Capsule, gelatin coated Oral 120 mg/1
Capsule, gelatin coated Oral 160 mg/1
Capsule, gelatin coated Oral 60 mg/1
Capsule, gelatin coated Oral 80 mg/1
Injection Intravenous 1 mg/1mL
Injection, solution Intravenous 1 mg/1mL
Solution Oral 20 mg/5mL
Solution Oral 40 mg/5mL
Tablet Oral 10 mg/1
Tablet Oral 20 mg/1
Tablet Oral 40 mg/1
Tablet Oral 50 mg/1
Tablet Oral 60 mg/1
Tablet Oral 80 mg/1
Capsule, extended release Oral 160 mg/1
Capsule, extended release Oral 60 mg/1
Solution Intravenous 1 mg / mL
Tablet Oral 10 mg/301
Tablet, film coated Oral 80 mg
Tablet Oral 20 mg
Tablet, film coated Oral 40 mg
Tablet Oral 40 mg
Tablet Oral 10 mg
Tablet, film coated Oral 10 mg
Tablet, coated Oral 10 mg
Tablet, coated Oral 40 mg
Prices
Unit description Cost Unit
Propranolol hcl powder 11.63USD g
Propranolol 1 mg/ml vial 10.0USD ml
心得安啦160 mg capsule 8.41USD capsule
Inderal LA 160 mg 24 Hour Capsule 7.6USD capsule
心得安啦160 mg capsule sa 7.01USD capsule
心得安啦120 mg capsule 6.42USD capsule
Inderal LA 120 mg 24 Hour Capsule 5.8USD capsule
心得安啦120 mg capsule sa 5.36USD capsule
心得安啦80 mg capsule 5.18USD capsule
Inderal LA 60 mg 24 Hour Capsule 4.79USD capsule
Inderal LA 80 mg 24 Hour Capsule 4.68USD capsule
心得安啦60 mg capsule 4.43USD capsule
心得安啦80 mg capsule sa 4.32USD capsule
心得安啦60 mg capsule sa 3.7USD capsule
Propranolol HCl CR 160 mg 24 Hour Capsule 2.62USD capsule
InnoPran XL 80 mg 24 Hour Capsule 2.5USD capsule
InnoPran XL 120 mg 24 Hour Capsule 2.46USD capsule
Innopran xl 120 mg capsule 2.41USD capsule
Innopran xl 80 mg capsule 2.41USD capsule
Inderide 80-25 mg tablet 2.17USD tablet
Propranolol HCl CR 120 mg 24 Hour Capsule 2.0USD capsule
Inderide 40-25 mg tablet 1.74USD tablet
Propranolol HCl CR 80 mg 24 Hour Capsule 1.61USD capsule
Propranolol HCl CR 60 mg 24 Hour Capsule 1.38USD capsule
Propranolol HCl 60 mg tablet 1.27USD tablet
Inderal-La 160 mg Sustained-Release Capsule 1.26USD capsule
Inderal-La 120 mg Sustained-Release Capsule 1.07USD capsule
Inderal-La 80 mg Sustained-Release Capsule 0.69USD capsule
Propranolol HCl 80 mg tablet 0.66USD tablet
Propranolol-HCTZ 80-25 mg tablet 0.65USD tablet
Inderal-La 60 mg Sustained-Release Capsule 0.62USD capsule
Propranolol-HCTZ 40-25 mg tablet 0.61USD tablet
Propranolol 80 mg tablet 0.58USD tablet
Propranolol 60 mg tablet 0.56USD tablet
Propranolol HCl 40 mg tablet 0.53USD tablet
Propranolol 40 mg tablet 0.45USD tablet
Propranolol HCl 20 mg tablet 0.36USD tablet
Propranolol 20 mg tablet 0.33USD tablet
Apo-Propranolol 120 mg Tablet 0.32USD tablet
Propranolol HCl 10 mg tablet 0.29USD tablet
Propranolol 10 mg tablet 0.22USD tablet
Propranolol HCl 20 mg/5ml Solution 0.11USD ml
Apo-Propranolol 80 mg Tablet 0.06USD tablet
Novo-Pranol 80 mg Tablet 0.06USD tablet
Pms-Propranolol 80 mg Tablet 0.06USD tablet
Apo-Propranolol 20 mg Tablet 0.04USD tablet
Apo-Propranolol 40 mg Tablet 0.04USD tablet
Novo-Pranol 20 mg Tablet 0.04USD tablet
Novo-Pranol 40 mg Tablet 0.04USD tablet
Apo-Propranolol 10 mg Tablet 0.02USD tablet
Novo-Pranol 10 mg Tablet 0.02USD tablet
DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
Patents
Patent Number Pediatric Extension Approved Expires (estimated) Region
US6500454 No 2002-12-31 2021-10-04 US flag
US8338489 No 2012-12-25 2028-10-16 US flag
US8987262 No 2015-03-24 2028-10-16 US flag

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
Property Value Source
melting point (°C) 96 °C PhysProp
water solubility 61.7 mg/L (at 25 °C) MCFARLAND,JW ET AL. (2001)
logP 3.48 AVDEEF,A (1997)
Caco2 permeability -4.58 ADME Research, USCD
pKa 9.42 SANGSTER (1994)
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
Water Solubility 0.0794 mg/mL ALOGPS
logP 3.03 ALOGPS
logP 2.58 ChemAxon
logS -3.5 ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic) 14.09 ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic) 9.67 ChemAxon
Physiological Charge 1 ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count 3 ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count 2 ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area 41.49 Å2 ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count 6 ChemAxon
Refractivity 76.83 m3·mol-1 ChemAxon
Polarizability 29.98 Å3 ChemAxon
Number of Rings 2 ChemAxon
Bioavailability 1 ChemAxon
Rule of Five Yes ChemAxon
Ghose Filter Yes ChemAxon
Veber's Rule No ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule No ChemAxon
Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability
Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.9944
Blood Brain Barrier - 0.9031
Caco-2 permeable + 0.6942
P-glycoprotein substrate Substrate 0.7079
P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Inhibitor 0.5588
P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.8383
Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.8177
CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.7898
CYP450 2D6 substrate Substrate 0.8918
CYP450 3A4 substrate Non-substrate 0.6463
CYP450 1A2 substrate Inhibitor 0.9106
CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9071
CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Inhibitor 0.8932
CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9026
CYP450 3 a4hibitor Non-inhibitor 0.924
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.8487
Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.9392
Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.9097
Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.9871
Rat acute toxicity 2.5625 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.9185
hERG inhibition (predictor II) Inhibitor 0.7092
ADMET data is predicted usingadmetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
Spectrum Spectrum Type Splash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS Predicted GC-MS Not Available
MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive LC-MS/MS splash10-03di-0090000000-f8c39664b694f5784865
MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive LC-MS/MS splash10-05fr-9000000000-84923a2dc3053801527a
MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive LC-MS/MS splash10-0fk9-2932000000-fa245a17a643ef33a0b2
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positive LC-MS/MS splash10-03di-0090000000-ee9d9c871e322202a948
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Positive LC-MS/MS splash10-03di-0290000000-9f3f72a6b6b792659137
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Positive LC-MS/MS splash10-0avi-5900000000-95293e6a5f843d0cc282
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Positive LC-MS/MS splash10-0ab9-9700000000-6b5b9e9743cb3f7bca58
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Positive LC-MS/MS splash10-0adi-9700000000-f5825268222d45a4ce95
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-IT (LC/MSD Trap XCT, Agilent Technologies) , Positive LC-MS/MS splash10-0159-1900000000-9872255282c6a95633aa
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-IT (LC/MSD Trap XCT, Agilent Technologies) , Positive LC-MS/MS splash10-00di-9500000000-122203085c028de6cbe4
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-IT (LC/MSD Trap XCT, Agilent Technologies) , Positive LC-MS/MS splash10-0aor-0900000000-39e75b6ae19b4763a0bf
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-IT (LC/MSD Trap XCT, Agilent Technologies) , Positive LC-MS/MS splash10-004i-0900000000-b75e7bf7aa20ce854157
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-IT (LC/MSD Trap XCT, Agilent Technologies) , Positive LC-MS/MS splash10-00di-9200000000-2f102916e2fe0f6c1f4b
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-0c00-9650000000-c4a4f189be72c438d080
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-0159-0910000000-d7db5bab374a7cf02fd3
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-03di-0090000000-057a63162f5e674c4ce6
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-03di-0190000000-87c354c205b94f5f06e1
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-0cl0-4930000000-1eecec66280a12a94b9d
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-0ab9-4900000000-ddd58df17ce1f65a7559
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-0a4i-4900000000-711c94a7c2e5c24e9e84
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-0a6r-3900000000-54967b29c739db5eb0d5
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-03di-0090000000-057a63162f5e674c4ce6
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-03di-0190000000-f4e36c8dd4e96992c94d
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-0830-4920000000-835447ce35e37ab07193
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-0ab9-5900000000-25248a6b39724a02096d
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-0a4i-4900000000-5663a764e73595039671
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-0a6r-3900000000-20d14f48fc5615796a2d
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-00lr-0910000000-d51a9e2266c2de91bfaa
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-03di-0090000000-d6c29037a12e6224fc5c
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-03di-3590000000-e89d2a443f5d3480df83
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-0avi-7900000000-073897b09869caa5bcdc
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-0ab9-7900000000-566e620bc2a178d2a8e7
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-0ab9-6900000000-21115e5f6c969e2f9e0f
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-0adi-5900000000-c8d935c939307db2ee51
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-03di-0090000000-ee9d9c871e322202a948
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-03di-0290000000-53507ada5020c820cd0f
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-0avi-5900000000-95293e6a5f843d0cc282
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-0ab9-9700000000-264398d3bc59c8ced5ed
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-0adi-9700000000-f5825268222d45a4ce95
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-IT , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-0159-1900000000-63f0b6b57a76617acc2d
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-060r-4900000000-c1976ec4cf413372eb24
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-05i0-4900000000-dfc2a11c8d505e07028b
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-0159-0900000000-ece05c33751eecfe1c79
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-00lr-0900000000-cbbd556232c991733f57
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-03di-4590000000-aaddd1419df983db1236
1H NMR Spectrum 1D NMR Not Applicable
[1H,13C] 2D NMR Spectrum 2D NMR Not Applicable

Targets

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Details 1.Beta-1 adrenergic receptor
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Receptor signaling protein activity
Specific Function
Beta-adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced activation of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. This receptor binds epinephrine and norepinephrine with approximately e...
Gene Name
ADRB1
Uniprot ID
P08588
Uniprot Name
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor
分子量
51322.1 Da
References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
  2. Lewis CJ, Gong H, Brown MJ, Harding SE: Overexpression of beta 1-adrenoceptors in adult rat ventricular myocytes enhances CGP 12177A cardiostimulation: implications for 'putative' beta 4-adrenoceptor pharmacology. Br J Pharmacol. 2004 Mar;141(5):813-24. Epub 2004 Feb 2. [Article]
  3. Rouget C, Barthez O, Goirand F, Leroy MJ, Breuiller-Fouche M, Rakotoniaina Z, Guerard P, Morcillo EJ, Advenier C, Sagot P, Cabrol D, Dumas M, Bardou M: Stimulation of the ADRB3 adrenergic receptor induces relaxation of human placental arteries: influence of preeclampsia. Biol Reprod. 2006 Jan;74(1):209-16. Epub 2005 Sep 21. [Article]
  4. Horinouchi T, Morishima S, Tanaka T, Suzuki F, Tanaka Y, Koike K, Miwa S, Muramatsu I: Different changes of plasma membrane beta-adrenoceptors in rat heart after chronic administration of propranolol, atenolol and bevantolol. Life Sci. 2007 Jul 12;81(5):399-404. Epub 2007 Jun 16. [Article]
  5. Rezmann-Vitti LA, Louis SN, Nero TL, Jackman GP, Machida CA, Louis WJ: Site-directed mutagenesis of the rat beta1-adrenoceptor. Involvement of Tyr356 (7.43) in (+/-)cyanopindolol but not (+/-)[125Iodo]cyanopindolol binding. Eur J Med Chem. 2004 Jul;39(7):625-31. [Article]
  6. Yazawa K, Wang JW, Hao LY, Onoue Y, Kameyama M: Verrucotoxin, a stonefish venom, modulates calcium channel activity in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes. Br J Pharmacol. 2007 Aug;151(8):1198-203. Epub 2007 Jun 18. [Article]
Details 2.Beta-2 adrenergic receptor
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Protein homodimerization activity
Specific Function
Beta-adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced activation of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. The beta-2-adrenergic receptor binds epinephrine with an approximately ...
Gene Name
ADRB2
Uniprot ID
P07550
Uniprot Name
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor
分子量
46458.32 Da
References
  1. Isaza C, Henao J, Ramirez E, Cuesta F, Cacabelos R: Polymorphic variants of the beta2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) gene and ADRB2-related propanolol-induced dyslipidemia in the Colombian population. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2005 May;27(4):237-44. [Article]
  2. Rouget C, Barthez O, Goirand F, Leroy MJ, Breuiller-Fouche M, Rakotoniaina Z, Guerard P, Morcillo EJ, Advenier C, Sagot P, Cabrol D, Dumas M, Bardou M: Stimulation of the ADRB3 adrenergic receptor induces relaxation of human placental arteries: influence of preeclampsia. Biol Reprod. 2006 Jan;74(1):209-16. Epub 2005 Sep 21. [Article]
  3. Illingworth CJ, Gooding SR, Winn PJ, Jones GA, Ferenczy GG, Reynolds CA: Classical polarization in hybrid QM/MM methods. J Phys Chem A. 2006 May 25;110(20):6487-97. [Article]
  4. Horinouchi T, Morishima S, Tanaka T, Suzuki F, Tanaka Y, Koike K, Miwa S, Muramatsu I: Different changes of plasma membrane beta-adrenoceptors in rat heart after chronic administration of propranolol, atenolol and bevantolol. Life Sci. 2007 Jul 12;81(5):399-404. Epub 2007 Jun 16. [Article]
  5. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
Details 3.Beta-3 adrenergic receptor
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Protein homodimerization activity
Specific Function
Beta-adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced activation of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. Beta-3 is involved in the regulation of lipolysis and thermogenesis.
Gene Name
ADRB3
Uniprot ID
P13945
Uniprot Name
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor
分子量
43518.615 Da
References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
  2. Berg T, Piercey BW, Jensen J: Role of beta1-3-adrenoceptors in blood pressure control at rest and during tyramine-induced norepinephrine release in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension. 2010 May;55(5):1224-30. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.149286. Epub 2010 Mar 15. [Article]
Details 4.5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Other/unknown
General Function
Serotonin receptor activity
Specific Function
G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers...
Gene Name
HTR1A
Uniprot ID
P08908
Uniprot Name
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A
分子量
46106.335 Da
References
  1. Smejkal-Jagar L, Boranic M: Serotonin and serotoninergic agents affect proliferation of normal and transformed lymphoid cells. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 1995 Feb;17(1):151-62. [Article]
Details 5.5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Other/unknown
General Function
Serotonin receptor activity
Specific Function
G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for ergot alkaloid derivatives, various anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs and other psychoactive subst...
Gene Name
HTR1B
Uniprot ID
P28222
Uniprot Name
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B
分子量
43567.535 Da
References
  1. Bailey SR, Elliott J: Evidence for different 5-HT1B/1D receptors mediating vasoconstriction of equine digital arteries and veins. Eur J Pharmacol. 1998 Aug 21;355(2-3):175-87. [Article]
  2. Choppin A, O'Connor SE: Presence of vasoconstrictor 5HT1-like receptors revealed by precontraction of rabbit isolated mesenteric artery. Br J Pharmacol. 1995 Jan;114(2):309-14. [Article]

Enzymes

Details 1.Cytochrome P450 1A1
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Vitamin d 24-hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP1A1
Uniprot ID
P04798
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 1A1
分子量
58164.815 Da
References
  1. Tassaneeyakul W, Birkett DJ, Veronese ME, McManus ME, Tukey RH, Quattrochi LC, Gelboin HV, Miners JO: Specificity of substrate and inhibitor probes for human cytochromes P450 1A1 and 1A2. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1993 Apr;265(1):401-7. [Article]
Details 2.Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Serotonin binding
Specific Function
Catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic and xenobiotic amines and has important functions in the metabolism of neuroactive and vasoactive amines in the central nervous system and peripheral...
Gene Name
MAOA
Uniprot ID
P21397
Uniprot Name
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A
分子量
59681.27 Da
References
  1. Inderal Monograph [File]
Details 3.Cytochrome P450 1A2
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP1A2
Uniprot ID
P05177
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 1A2
分子量
58293.76 Da
References
  1. Yoshimoto K, Echizen H, Chiba K, Tani M, Ishizaki T: Identification of human CYP isoforms involved in the metabolism of propranolol enantiomers--N-desisopropylation is mediated mainly by CYP1A2. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1995 Apr;39(4):421-31. [Article]
  2. Brosen K: Drug interactions and the cytochrome P450 system. The role of cytochrome P450 1A2. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1995;29 Suppl 1:20-5. [Article]
  3. Wang B, Zhou SF: Synthetic and natural compounds that interact with human cytochrome P450 1A2 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(31):4066-218. [Article]
  4. Carrillo JA, Benitez J: Clinically significant pharmacokinetic interactions between dietary caffeine and medications. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2000 Aug;39(2):127-53. [Article]
  5. 铃木崛江Masubuchi Y,细川护熙年代,T, T, OhmoriS, Kitada M, Narimatsu S: Cytochrome P450 isozymes involved in propranolol metabolism in human liver microsomes. The role of CYP2D6 as ring-hydroxylase and CYP1A2 as N-desisopropylase. Drug Metab Dispos. 1994 Nov-Dec;22(6):909-15. [Article]
  6. McGinnity DF, Parker AJ, Soars M, Riley RJ: Automated definition of the enzymology of drug oxidation by the major human drug metabolizing cytochrome P450s. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Nov;28(11):1327-34. [Article]
  7. Usmani KA, Cho TM, Rose RL, Hodgson E: Inhibition of the human liver microsomal and human cytochrome P450 1A2 and 3A4 metabolism of estradiol by deployment-related and other chemicals. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Sep;34(9):1606-14. doi: 10.1124/dmd.106.010439. Epub 2006 Jun 21. [Article]
  8. Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]
  9. Propranolol FDA label [File]
Details 4.Cytochrome P450 2D6
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
Inhibitor
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic...
Gene Name
CYP2D6
Uniprot ID
P10635
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2D6
分子量
55768.94 Da
References
  1. Yoshimoto K, Echizen H, Chiba K, Tani M, Ishizaki T: Identification of human CYP isoforms involved in the metabolism of propranolol enantiomers--N-desisopropylation is mediated mainly by CYP1A2. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1995 Apr;39(4):421-31. [Article]
  2. Lewis DF, Modi S, Dickins M: Structure-activity relationship for human cytochrome P450 substrates and inhibitors. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):69-82. [Article]
  3. 铃木崛江Masubuchi Y,细川护熙年代,T, T, OhmoriS, Kitada M, Narimatsu S: Cytochrome P450 isozymes involved in propranolol metabolism in human liver microsomes. The role of CYP2D6 as ring-hydroxylase and CYP1A2 as N-desisopropylase. Drug Metab Dispos. 1994 Nov-Dec;22(6):909-15. [Article]
  4. Rowland K, Yeo WW, Ellis SW, Chadwick IG, Haq I, Lennard MS, Jackson PR, Ramsay LE, Tucker GT: Inhibition of CYP2D6 activity by treatment with propranolol and the role of 4-hydroxy propranolol. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1994 Jul;38(1):9-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1994.tb04315.x. [Article]
  5. Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]
Details 5.Cytochrome P450 2C19
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and im...
Gene Name
CYP2C19
Uniprot ID
P33261
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2C19
分子量
55930.545 Da
References
  1. 铃木崛江Masubuchi Y,细川护熙年代,T, T, OhmoriS, Kitada M, Narimatsu S: Cytochrome P450 isozymes involved in propranolol metabolism in human liver microsomes. The role of CYP2D6 as ring-hydroxylase and CYP1A2 as N-desisopropylase. Drug Metab Dispos. 1994 Nov-Dec;22(6):909-15. [Article]
  2. Goldstein JA: Clinical relevance of genetic polymorphisms in the human CYP2C subfamily. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2001 Oct;52(4):349-55. [Article]
  3. Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]
Details 6.Cytochrome P450 3A5
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Oxygen binding
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP3A5
Uniprot ID
P20815
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 3A5
分子量
57108.065 Da
References
  1. Tateishi T, Ohashi K, Fujimura A, Ebihara A: The influence of diltiazem versus cimetidine on propranolol metabolism. J Clin Pharmacol. 1992 Dec;32(12):1099-104. [Article]
  2. Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]
Details 7.Cytochrome P450 3A4
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
Gene Name
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID
P08684
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 3A4
分子量
57342.67 Da
References
  1. Tateishi T, Ohashi K, Fujimura A, Ebihara A: The influence of diltiazem versus cimetidine on propranolol metabolism. J Clin Pharmacol. 1992 Dec;32(12):1099-104. [Article]
  2. 铃木崛江Masubuchi Y,细川护熙年代,T, T, OhmoriS, Kitada M, Narimatsu S: Cytochrome P450 isozymes involved in propranolol metabolism in human liver microsomes. The role of CYP2D6 as ring-hydroxylase and CYP1A2 as N-desisopropylase. Drug Metab Dispos. 1994 Nov-Dec;22(6):909-15. [Article]
  3. Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]
Details 8.Cytochrome P450 3A7
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Oxygen binding
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP3A7
Uniprot ID
P24462
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 3A7
分子量
57525.03 Da
References
  1. Tateishi T, Ohashi K, Fujimura A, Ebihara A: The influence of diltiazem versus cimetidine on propranolol metabolism. J Clin Pharmacol. 1992 Dec;32(12):1099-104. [Article]
  2. Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]

Carriers

Details 1.Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
General Function
Not Available
Specific Function
Functions as transport protein in the blood stream. Binds various ligands in the interior of its beta-barrel domain. Also binds synthetic drugs and influences their distribution and availability in...
Gene Name
ORM1
Uniprot ID
P02763
Uniprot Name
Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1
分子量
23511.38 Da
References
  1. Ferry DG, Caplan NB, Cubeddu LX: Interaction between antidepressants and alpha 1-adrenergic receptor antagonists on the binding to alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. J Pharm Sci. 1986 Feb;75(2):146-9. doi: 10.1002/jps.2600750208. [Article]
  2. Miida H, Noritake Y, Shimoda H, Honda K, Matsuoka T, Sakurai K, Shirai M, Manabe S, Takasaki W, Ueno K: Decrease in protein binding and its effect on toxicokinetics (TK)/toxicodynamics (TD) of diclofenac and propranolol in pregnant rats. J Toxicol Sci. 2008 Dec;33(5):525-36. [Article]
Details 2.Serum albumin
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Toxic substance binding
Specific Function
Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloid...
Gene Name
ALB
Uniprot ID
P02768
Uniprot Name
Serum albumin
分子量
69365.94 Da
References
  1. Miida H, Noritake Y, Shimoda H, Honda K, Matsuoka T, Sakurai K, Shirai M, Manabe S, Takasaki W, Ueno K: Decrease in protein binding and its effect on toxicokinetics (TK)/toxicodynamics (TD) of diclofenac and propranolol in pregnant rats. J Toxicol Sci. 2008 Dec;33(5):525-36. [Article]

Transporters

Details 1.Solute carrier family 22 member 2
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Quaternary ammonium group transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Mediates tubular uptake of organic compounds from circulation. Mediates the influx of agmatine, dopamine, noradrenaline (norepinephrine), serotonin, choline, famotidine, ranitidine, histamin, creat...
Gene Name
SLC22A2
Uniprot ID
O15244
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier family 22 member 2
分子量
62579.99 Da
References
  1. Dudley AJ, Bleasby K, Brown CD: The organic cation transporter OCT2 mediates the uptake of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists across the apical membrane of renal LLC-PK(1) cell monolayers. Br J Pharmacol. 2000 Sep;131(1):71-9. [Article]
Details 2.P-glycoprotein 1
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
Specific Function
Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells.
Gene Name
ABCB1
Uniprot ID
P08183
Uniprot Name
Multidrug resistance protein 1
分子量
141477.255 Da
References
  1. Nagy H, Goda K, Fenyvesi F, Bacso Z, Szilasi M, Kappelmayer J, Lustyik G, Cianfriglia M, Szabo G Jr: Distinct groups of multidrug resistance modulating agents are distinguished by competition of P-glycoprotein-specific antibodies. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Mar 19;315(4):942-9. [Article]
  2. D'Emanuele A, Jevprasesphant R, Penny J, Attwood D: The use of a dendrimer-propranolol prodrug to bypass efflux transporters and enhance oral bioavailability. J Control Release. 2004 Mar 24;95(3):447-53. [Article]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at August 28, 2022 01:06